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Role of Lectins in Gastrointestinal Disorders
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Preeti Birwal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Herbs, Spices, and Medicinal Plants for Human Gastrointestinal Disorders, 2023
Similar observations were described in human colon cancer specimens with an alteration in colon mucin and in transitional mucosa suggesting a potential marker for early malignant transformation.10 In addition, more recent studies noted some similarities and differences between peanut lectin binding, the lectin of Amarantus caudatus, and a cancer-associated antigen (i.e., Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen) in polyps and cancer50,63 and these have implicated specific sugar binding properties of lectins during malignant progression in human colon cancer.25
Renal Diseases
Published in Stephan Strobel, Lewis Spitz, Stephen D. Marks, Great Ormond Street Handbook of Paediatrics, 2019
A triad of Coombs’ negative microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia (Fig. 10.2) with fragmented red cells, thrombocytopenia and acute kidney injury is found. Investigations include: full blood count; differential white cell count; blood film; reticulocyte count; ferritin; Coombs’ tests; group and save; urea; creatinine; serum electrolytes; glucose; amylase; lipase; lactate dehydrogenase; haptoglobin; liver function tests; serology; Thomsen–Friedenreich antigen (T-Ag); antistreptolysin O titre (ASOT); urine dipstick and urine albumin to creatinine ratio; stool culture; and Doppler renal ultrasound. Percutaneous renal biopsy is not routinely indicated in D+ HUS but may show predominant glomerular or arteriolar involvement and acute cortical necrosis.
Glycosylation and its implications in breast cancer
Published in Expert Review of Proteomics, 2019
Danielle A. Scott, Richard R. Drake
In breast cancer, sialyltransferase expression is altered, resulting in cancer-associated sialylation increases. MALDI-TOF-MS analysis of the glycosylation profiles of breast cancer cell lines, mouse models and total human serum have all revealed an increase in sialylated glycans in breast cancer that are not found in corresponding normal controls [59,117,118]. Furthermore, enzymatic activity of ST3Gal I (β-galactosidase α2,3-sialyltransferase I) is elevated in breast cancer tissues when compared to normal breast tissue, while that of ST3Gal II is decreased [119–121]. Additionally, increase in ST3Gal I enzymatic activity correlates with the tumor grade and is implicated in the increased expression of sialylated Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen in breast cancer cell lines [105,122]. This finding was validated by the increased expression of α2,3 sialic acid seen in grade 3 and 4 cancers when compared to that of grade 1 and 2 cancers [59]. This same study compared 50 primary breast tumor cases without lymph node metastasis and 50 pair-matched breast cancer primary tumors with associated lymph node metastasis, and found a higher level of α2,3 sialic acid residues in the pair-matched tumors compared to the primary tumors without metastasis. This demonstrates the high metastatic potential associated with increases in α2,3 sialic acid expression in breast cancer [59].
Gut Bacteroides species in health and disease
Published in Gut Microbes, 2021
Bacteroides spp. are also considered to be key players in cancer immunotherapy and prevention. For example, B. xylanisolvens DSM 23964 has been shown to promote the maturation of natural antibodies against various cancers in humans.178 Another commensal strain, B. ovatus ELH-B2, has shown promise as a vaccine candidate for the development of a Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (TFα)-specific anti-tumor vaccine.179 In a nutshell the properties of cancer prevention and immunotherapy among these organisms could be related to the type of strains used and their functional capacities.
The glyconanoparticle as carrier for drug delivery
Published in Drug Delivery, 2018
Xueqin Zhang, Gangliang Huang, Hualiang Huang
The Thomsen–Friedenreich antigen-containing glycopeptide thiols based on a mucin peptide repeating unit were prepared. These novel multivalent tools should prove extremely useful in exploring the binding properties and immune response to this important carbohydrate antigen (Sundgren & Barchi, 2008).