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Transgenic Mice with Cytokine Mutations Affecting the Skin
Published in John P. Sundberg, Handbook of Mouse Mutations with Skin and Hair Abnormalities, 2020
Manfred Blessing, Erby Wilkinson, Brigid L. M. Hogan
These transgenic mice express kFGF, which is normally expressed only in fibroblasts, in basal keratinocytes. As in the TGFα transgenic mice, the expression of this growth factor results in hyperproliferation and marked epithelial thickening. Hyperproliferative markers were induced and terminal differentiation was delayed or incomplete. An interesting finding was the suppression of hair follicle morphogenesis in these mice which could result from a perturbation of mesenchymal-epidermal interactions.
Macrophage Heterogeneity
Published in Gloria H. Heppner, Amy M. Fulton, Macrophages and Cancer, 2019
Page S. Morahan, Alvin Volkman, Meryle Melnicoff, Walla L. Dempsey
A variety of additional terms, maturation, terminal differentiation, and dedifferentiation, have been applied inconsistently to describe altered states of MP function. We recommend that these terms should be restricted to their accepted use in current developmental biology. For example, maturation is used very specifically by developmental biologists to describe the oocyte’s attainment of full potential for fertilization,30 or by cell kineticists to describe the interval between mitosis in actively dividing populations.53 The term maturation, which has been used to suggest implicit senescence in the change of the monocyte to resident MO, is imprecise. In certain cell renewal systems, the maturation compartment is intermitotic and is part of an amplification mechanism. This subject is well discussed by Cleaver.128 The term, terminal differentiation, has sometimes been used to imply that the resident MO is an “end-stage” MO. Resident MOs, however, can clearly be activated and can proliferate under certain conditions.56-58
A Primary Culture System of Human Colon Carcinoma Cells and its Use in Evaluating Differentiation Therapy
Published in Leonard H. Augenlicht, Cell and Molecular Biology of Colon Cancer, 2019
An efficacious differentiation protocol has been to induce terminal differentiation, as defined by a loss of infinite proliferative capacity, in the vast majority of cells. Cell culture systems have been developed to dissect differentiation pathways of hematopoietic lineages and have demonstrated terminal differentiation of stem cells to end-stage, nondividing cells such as macrophages, megakaryocytes, and erythrocytes.10 Terminal differentiation of hematopoietic tumor cells has been demonstrated using similar clonal cell culture systems. DMSO induced Friend erythroleukemia cells to terminally differentiate, with a discrete probability per cell cycle, from a cell stage with unlimited growth potential first to partially differentiated, hemoglobin-containing cells with a potential for only four or five cell divisions and finally to endstage, nondividing cells. The progeny of each tumor cell which was induced to differentiate was analyzed in a clonal plasma clot assay system.11
Regulation of bone and fat balance by Fructus Ligustri Lucidi in ovariectomized mice
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
Xiaoyan Qin, Qiu Wei, Ran An, Yun Yang, Mingqi Cai, Xiaoling Han, Haoping Mao, Xiumei Gao
There are two stages of adipogenic differentiation of BMMSCs. The first stage is the differentiation of preadipocytes, which are morphologically indistinguishable from BMMSCs but have lost the potential to differentiate into other mesenchymal lineages. The second stage is the terminal differentiation stage. Pre-adipocytes exhibit characteristics of mature adipocytes, i.e. lipid transport and synthesis capacity, insulin sensitivity, and secretion of adipokines (Liu et al. 2018). The protein zfp423 is a marker for pre-adipocytes, while PPARγ is a marker for mature adipocytes (Liu et al. 2015). Our study found that an expression of Zfp423 and PPARγ genes was increased in BMMSCs after one or seven days of induction with adipogenesis supplements. Furthermore, FLL significantly inhibited the expression of Zfp423 and PPARγ mRNAs (Figure 7), suggesting that FLL affects lineage fate determination and terminal differentiation by inhibiting adipogenic differentiation of BMMSCs.
Biology of Cancer; From Cellular Cancerogenesis to Supracellular Evolution of Malignant Phenotype
Published in Cancer Investigation, 2018
Phenotype represents the morphological and functional expression of the body/cell, and depends by three distinct factors: inherited genotype, inherited epigenetic factors, and non-inherited environmental factors. During cellular differentiation, developmental options are progressively restricted in order to favor evolution towards a specific morphology and function, terminal differentiation being consequently limited and possible only along this lineage. Evolution of cells in different directions (towards neuron, nephron, etc.) would be channeled through intervention of distinct epigenetic and environmental factors. As a consequence, the cell differentiation and phenotype expression of mature cells depend in great extent by extracellular factors, being different for different cells even if all these cells incorporate identical genomic data (14).
Securinine Induces Differentiation of Human Promyelocytic Leukemic HL-60 Cells through JNK-Mediated Signaling Pathway
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Jeetesh Sharma, Ankita Pandey, Sapna Sharma, Aparna Dixit
Cancer cells are unable to maintain the precarious balance between cell proliferation, differentiation, and death. They not only fail to mature into appropriate adult cells but also proliferate rapidly. However, in response to specific stimuli, some cancer cells, such as leukemic cells, undergo morphological and phenotypic transformation to become a mature cell, a differentiation process. Thus, an alternative approach to limit cancer cells growth has been proposed through the induction of terminal differentiation. Several biological and chemical molecules have been reported that induce leukemic cells to undergo terminal differentiation, thus reversing the malignancy. Differentiation inducers are known to exhibit less morbidity than that produced by cytotoxic drugs (33).