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Inflammatory Responses Acquired Following Environmental Exposures Are Involved in Pathogenesis of Musculoskeletal Pain
Published in Kohlstadt Ingrid, Cintron Kenneth, Metabolic Therapies in Orthopedics, Second Edition, 2018
Ritchie C. Shoemaker, James C. Ryan
At one time substance P was called capsaicin; its receptor TRPV1, is a nociceptive-specific ion channel [94]. This ion channel is activated by thermal injury and acidification as well. Other TRP ion channels are TRPV2, TRPV3, TRPV4, TRPM8 and TRPA1.Toxins [95] known to induce TRPV1 activation include scorpion venom, botulinum neurotoxin, spider toxin (NB: species not identified), ciguatoxin and brevetoxins. Vanillotoxins from a tarantula activate TRPV1 “via interaction with a region of TRPV1 that is homologous to voltage dependent ion channels.”
Identifying Pharmaceutical-Grade Essential Oils and Using Them Safely and Effectively in Integrative Medicine
Published in Aruna Bakhru, Nutrition and Integrative Medicine, 2018
The primary mechanism for alpha-pinene is likely by acting through the TRPV3 (Transient Receptor Potential Voltage 3) transmembrane ion channel. TRPV3 expresses itself along the epithelial tissue of the nose and tongue and has been implicated in the hyperalgesia in inflamed tissue thereby giving arise to a “cough.” The evidence of alpha-pinene working through the TRPV3 channel has been mostly linked to the evidence of camphor, a cousin of alpha-pinene, acting as a functional ligand as determined through GFP fusion of the TRPV3 channels.34
Formulations for Sensitive Skin
Published in Golara Honari, Rosa M. Andersen, Howard Maibach, Sensitive Skin Syndrome, 2017
As mentioned earlier, TRPV1 is a key integrator of itch sensation (32). TPRV1 is a nonselective cation channel and a thermoreceptor activated by temperatures of up to 42°C and is a receptor for capsaicin (45). TRPV3 and TRPA1 have also been identified as nociceptive receptors (46–48).
A molecular perspective on identifying TRPV1 thermosensitive regions and disentangling polymodal activation
Published in Temperature, 2023
Dustin D. Luu, Aerial M. Owens, Mubark D. Mebrat, Wade D. Van Horn
As mentioned above, repeated rTRPV1 heat activation typically causes irreversible inactivation [122]. TRPV3, on the other hand, is generally hysteretically activated with increased sensitization by repeated heat stimulation [196,197]. The impacts of repeated heat exposure were also evaluated as part of the mTRPV1/TRPV3 concatemer study. As expected, mTRPV3 showed increased currents with repeated heat stimuli of 40 °C, a phenotype not observed with mTRPV1 [194]. The mTRPV1/TRPV3 heteroconcatemer showed a TRPV3 phenotype with increased conductance with repeated heat exposure [194]. Beyond providing mode-specific mechanistic insight between heat and CAP activation, this heteromeric concatemer study also provides insights into TRPV1 functional modulation by other TRPV channels. For example, TRPV1 and TRPV3 are co-expressed in DRG, and molecular studies have suggested that these two channels coassemble with impacts on conductance and gating properties [198,199].
Investigational drugs in early phase clinical trials targeting thermotransient receptor potential (thermoTRP) channels
Published in Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2020
Asia Fernández-Carvajal, Rosario González-Muñiz, Gregorio Fernández-Ballester, Antonio Ferrer-Montiel
TRPV3 is a heat-sensitive ion channel that shares 43% sequence similarity with TRPV1. This channel can be activated by temperatures between 32°C and 39°C and exhibits progressively increasing responses to repeated heat stimulation [33]. TRPV3 also responds to natural compounds found in plants such as oregano, camphor, and thyme [34]. Activation of Gq-coupled receptors (GPCRs), as well as key components in the downstream signaling cascade including PKC, Ca2+-calmodulin, phosphoinositides, and unsaturated fatty acids sensitize TRPV3 [35]. Other modulators include voltage, ATP, Mg2+, and intracellular acidification [36]. It has been proposed that TRPV3 forms a signaling complex with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), whereby activation of this receptor results in increased TRPV3 channel activity that leads to release of transforming growth factor (TGF)-α and epidermal homeostasis [37].
What is new about mild temperature sensing? A review of recent findings
Published in Temperature, 2019
Miriam García-Ávila, León D. Islas
Another TRPV channel, TRPV4 is activated by warm stimuli >25°C to >34°C [32,67], although not much is known about this channel`s temperature sensitivity. However, this may soon change, as the recent structures of TRPV4 and TRPV2 and TRPV3 [5–7,11] solved by cyo-EM, might give new impetus to this area of research. Up until now, it is not known if TRPV3 and 4 have a physiological function as thermosensors in sensory neurons, but it is known that TRPV4 is expressed in the nerve fibers of human dental pulp [68], where it might contribute to temperature sensitivity. Recently, TRPV4 was shown to be the temperature receptor in human sperm and it is involved in regulating sperm thermotaxis [69]. On the other hand, the expression of TRPV3 and 4 in keratinocytes [22] rises the exciting possibility that skin epithelial cells can mediate the perception of warm temperatures directly and also mediate cold sensing via an isoform of TRPM8 [70].