China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Endocannabinoid System & Cannabinoid Receptors
Published in Betty Wedman-St Louis, Cannabis as Medicine, 2019
The primary functions of TRPV1 in the body are to detect and regulate body temperature in addition to responding to pain, especially in the treatment of neuropathic pain. TRPV1 is predominately expressed in peripheral sensory neurons and is widespread in the cardiovascular system. These sensors are also involved in nociception, taste perception, osmolarity sensing, as well as thermosensation.
Photobiomodulation Therapy in Orthopedics
Published in Kohlstadt Ingrid, Cintron Kenneth, Metabolic Therapies in Orthopedics, Second Edition, 2018
It is now known that TRP channel proteins are conserved throughout evolution and are found in most organisms, tissues and cell types. The TRP channel superfamily is now classified into seven related subfamilies: TRPC, TRPM, TRPV, TRPA, TRPP, TRPML and TRPN [28]. Light-sensitive ion channels are based on an opsin chromophore (isomerization of a cis-retinal molecule to the trans configuration) as illustrated in Drusophila photorecelptors [29].
Physiology of pain
Published in Peter Kam, Ian Power, Michael J. Cousins, Philip J. Siddal, Principles of Physiology for the Anaesthetist, 2015
Philip J. Siddal, Michael J. Cousins, Peter Kam
Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels are a family of non-selective cation channels with a variable permeability to Ca+ + ions. Vanilloid receptor–related TRP channels (TRPV) are activated by a variety of sensory stimuli. TRPV1 is expressed in small sensory neurons and is activated by capsaicin, heat (> 43°C), acid, inflammation, ischaemia and endogenous lipids (anandamide and polyunsaturated fatty acids).
What’s new on the front-line of gout pharmacotherapy?
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2022
Kurt E. G. Blake, Jordan L. Saag, Kenneth G Saag
Notwithstanding the limitations of observational studies, these findings may be explained by mechanisms independent of probenecid’s urate-lowering effect. These independent mechanisms are suggested by the fact that probenecid has similar efficacy to allopurinol in reducing urate levels [68]. One such target is the transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) type 2 channels. Probenecid has been shown to be an agonist of this receptor. TRPV type 2 activation causes an increase in cardiac inotropy as well as lusitropy [69]. TRPV type 2 also causes systemic vasodilation due to inhibition of α adrenergic activity in vascular smooth muscles [70]. Additionally, probenecid inhibits the pannexin-1 (Panx-1) channel. Panx-1 activates astrocyte inflammasomes. This inhibition by the probenecid in-vitro has been demonstrated to protect against cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury [71].
A critical review of the capsaicin 8% patch for the treatment of neuropathic pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy of the feet in adults
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2021
Rory M. C. Abrams, Elizabeth J. Pedowitz, David M. Simpson
Transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV-1) is a ligand-gated non-select cation channel protein that is highly expressed on C-fiber polymodal nociceptor neurons, which enables their ability to detect painful stimuli, including heat, acids, and other irritant chemicals [13]. Logically, this receptor was thought to be a rational target for treating these types of painful sensations [15]. The ‘hot’ or ‘burning’ sensation experienced in the mouth, airways, on the skin, and in certain other visceral organs that is induced by hot chili peppers is due to excitation of afferent sensory nerve endings. Localized erythema may occur through release of vasoactive peptides. This effect is mediated by the chemical compound capsaicin (8-methyl N-vanillyl-6-noneamide), the main active ingredient in chili peppers [16,17]. Capsaicin induces highly selective excitation of unmyelinated C-fiber and Aδ neurons [17–19]. As such, it was identified that capsaicin is a potent and highly selective TRPV-1 agonist [13,18].
Mechano-gated channels in C. elegans
Published in Journal of Neurogenetics, 2020
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are from a family of cation channels involved in a range of sensory processes counting chemosensation, thermosensation, mechanosensation and pain sensation (Arnadottir & Chalfie, 2010; Christensen & Corey, 2007) (Figure 2). TRP channels are classified into seven subfamilies (TRPA, TRPC, TRPML, TRPM, TRPN, TRPP and TRPV), which are tetrameric cation channels that can link to other molecular complexes required in various functions (Christensen & Corey, 2007; Montell, 2005). The importance of TRP ion channels is highlighted by a plethora of diseases and channelopathies in all major organs subjected to dysfunctions or mutations (Christensen & Corey, 2007; Nilius, Voets, & Peters, 2005). Interestingly, TRP channels are also present in single-celled organisms (protozoa) like yeast but limited to only TRPL, TRPM and TRPP channels (Venkatachalam, Luo, & Montell, 2014).