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Therapeutic Activities of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans)
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Preeti Birwal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Herbs, Spices, and Medicinal Plants for Human Gastrointestinal Disorders, 2023
Bhushan Prakash Pimple, Amrita Milind Kulkarni, Ruchita Balu Bhor
Agonists of TRPM 8 ion channel produced the cooling sensation (<28°C). Neolignan isolated from M. fragrans seeds produced the cooling effect by the activation of TRPM 8 ion channel. The additive cooling effect was observed with l-(-) menthol and neolignan from the seeds of nutmeg. Activation of TRPM 8 ion channel was able to ameliorate pain, inflammation due to the cooling effect.28
Nonclassical Ion Channels and Ischemia
Published in Tian-Le Xu, Long-Jun Wu, Nonclassical Ion Channels in the Nervous System, 2021
There are 28 mammalian TRP channels separated into 6 sub-families: TRPC (where C denotes canonical), TRPM (melastatin), TRPV (vanilloid), TRPA (ankyrin), TRPP (poly-cystin), and TRPML (mucolipin). They share similar structure, but their functions are diverse and display a different activation mechanism. It has been proved that TRPM, TRPV, TRPC, and TRPA channels are located in glial cells. The mammalian TRPC (canonical) family consists of seven members (TRPC1–7) that are organized into four groups: TRPC1, TRPC2, TRPC3/6/7 and TRPC4/5, because they are with sequence homology and functional similarities [40]. The TRP is a superfamily of non-selective cation channels that are widely expressed in mammalian cells [13,41], and they are activated by a multitude of ligands, physical stimuli (e.g. force and temperature), differing local ion concentrations and secondary messengers released via G-protein coupled receptors [42].
Essential Oils in Cancer Therapy
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Carmen Trummer, Gerhard Buchbauer
Carvacol is a natural-bioactive monoterpenoid that is present in many EOs. It is extracted from thyme or other herbs, spices, vegetables, or fruits (Suntres et al., 2015). Luo et al. (2016) found that carvacol blocked transient receptor potential melastatin-like 7 currents (TRPM7) in prostate cancer cells. TRPM7 belongs to the melastatin-like transient receptor potential (TRPM) subfamily and is overexpressed in a lot of cancer tissues and cell lines. The EO compound carvacol showed a reduction of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of PC-3 and DU145 cells. Carvacol was also able to decrease the protein expression of MMP-2, p-Akt, and p-ERK.
Mechano-gated channels in C. elegans
Published in Journal of Neurogenetics, 2020
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are from a family of cation channels involved in a range of sensory processes counting chemosensation, thermosensation, mechanosensation and pain sensation (Arnadottir & Chalfie, 2010; Christensen & Corey, 2007) (Figure 2). TRP channels are classified into seven subfamilies (TRPA, TRPC, TRPML, TRPM, TRPN, TRPP and TRPV), which are tetrameric cation channels that can link to other molecular complexes required in various functions (Christensen & Corey, 2007; Montell, 2005). The importance of TRP ion channels is highlighted by a plethora of diseases and channelopathies in all major organs subjected to dysfunctions or mutations (Christensen & Corey, 2007; Nilius, Voets, & Peters, 2005). Interestingly, TRP channels are also present in single-celled organisms (protozoa) like yeast but limited to only TRPL, TRPM and TRPP channels (Venkatachalam, Luo, & Montell, 2014).
Oxidative stress promotes ventilator-induced lung injury through activating NLRP3 inflammasome and TRPM2 channel
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2019
Xiaona An, Xiaotong Sun, Xiaomei Yang, Dejie Liu, Yonghao Hou, Hongli Chen, Jianbo Wu
The transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are important cation channels on the cell membrane, which are permeable to calcium ions. The TRP channels have 6 subfamilies: TRPC, TRPY, TRPM, TRPA, TRPP and TRPML [18,19]. TRPM2 channel is a class of non-selective cation channel of calcium ions, which is highly expressed in the brain tissues [20]. Studies have shown that stimulation of adverse factors such as inflammation, ischemia, and hypoxia could suppress TRPM2 channel, and further enhance the survival of astrocytes [21]. Meanwhile, knockdown of TRPM2 switched cells from cell death to autophagy for survival in response to oxidative stress [22]. In our study, TRPM2 channel currently declined markedly after treatment with NLRP3 siRNA and Caspase-1 siRNA, suggesting that NLRP3 and Caspase-1 play an important role in regulating the TRPM2 channel.
Boron’s neurophysiological effects and tumoricidal activity on glioblastoma cells with implications for clinical treatment
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2019
Meric A. Altinoz, Gulacti Topcu, İlhan Elmaci
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels regulate Ca2+ flux into the cells under physiological and stress conditions [68]. In mammals, the TRP superfamily includes 28 different channels composed of seven subfamilies in regard to their homology. TRPM (Melastatin) subfamily, including TRPM1-TRPM8, prominently influences physiological and pathological processes. Activation of TRP channels occurs via the phospholipase C and constitute targets of various receptor tyrosine kinases and G-protein-coupled receptors; for instance epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is often mutated or overexpressed in malignant gliomas [68]. Bomben and Sontheimer demonstrated consistent synthesis of four TRP family members (TRPC-1, -3, -5, -6) in glial tumor cells [68]. TRPs lead formation of small and non-voltage-dependent currents of cations that could blocked 2-ABP and SKF96365. 2-APB also blocks inositol triphosphate receptors (IP3R), but not the voltage gated chlor channels (VGCCs), which could be inhibited by SKF96365. In opposite, SKF96365 does not inhibit IP3Rs; hence the overlap in inhibitory efficacy of these drugs occurs via TRPC channels [68]. Both SKF96365 and 2-APB efficiently blocked growth of human glioma cells, indicating that boron compound 2-APB could block glial tumor growth via its selective action of TRPs [68].