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Introduction
Published in James F. Kane, Multifunctional Proteins: Catalytic/Structural and Regulatory, 2019
Tryptophan synthase, the last enzyme in the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway, has been found to be autogenously controlled in Pseudomonas putida.15 This enzyme is composed of two subunits specified by the trpAB genes. In P. putida, these two genes form their own operon.16 Proctor and Crawford15,17 demonstrated that the trpAB operon is induced by indole glycerol phosphate and that the α subunit of tryptophan synthase (the product of the trpA gene) is an integral part of the regulatory mechanism controlling the expression of the trpAB operon. Regulatory mutations outside the trpAB cluster and alterations in the pool levels of small molecule effectors have been ruled out, but it is not clear how the trpA gene product functions in gene control.
Basic Thermal Physiology: What Processes Lead to the Temperature Distribution on the Skin Surface
Published in Kurt Ammer, Francis Ring, The Thermal Human Body, 2019
TRP melastatin (TRPM)8 is activated by non-painful cool temperatures, while TRP Ankyrin (TRPA)1 is activated by painful cold [5]. In general, innocuous cool is defined as temperatures between 30°C and 15°C, whereas noxious cold is generally perceived as temperatures below 15°C.
Ciguatera: A Treating Physician's Perspective on a Global Illness
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
Ritchie C. Shoemaker, James C. Ryan
Patel (85), also working with Lewis, added to the fascinating investigation of ciguatera and cold allodynia by placing electrodes into dorsal horn lamina of rats. Cold allodynia and mechanical sensitivity were prevented by coinjecting the sodium channel 1.8 (Nav 1.8) blocking agent A803467. Blocking TRPA-1 with its antagonist A967079 only blocked cold hypersensitivity. The level of injury from ciguatoxin was reasonably raised from peripheral neurons to spinal cord.
Associations between weather conditions and osteoarthritis pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Lin Wang, Qinguang Xu, Yan Chen, Zhaohua Zhu, Yuelong Cao
Our finding may have broad applicability to those OA patients who are more vulnerable to weather conditions. An early European study reported that 67.2% of participants with OA attributed their pain to the weather [15]. Evidence from recent study also demonstrated the association of weather sensitivity and clinical symptoms and structural degradations in knee OA patients. 57.5% of weather-sensitive individuals more likely had severe knee pain, dysfunction and as well as cartilage defects [16]. When clinical research evidence increasingly demonstrates the aggravation of weather conditions such as T, RH and BP on OA pain, weather factors should be considered in OA management. Our finding may also contribute to the development of basic research on weather impacting OA pain. The function of Thermosensitive Transient Receptor Potential channels (Thermo-TRPs) was related with the weather stimulating, which may be the possible pathophysiological mechanisms of OA pain [44–47]. TRPs are a large family of proteins including 6 main subfamilies termed the TRPC (canonical), TRPV (vanilloid), TRPM (melastatin), TRPP (polycystin), TRPML (mucolipin), and TRPA (ankyrin) groups [48]. Andersson reported the TRPA-1 was overexpressed after exposure to cold temperatures (10 °C), and the mice demonstrated more nocifensive behaviour and mechanical pain sensitivity [49,50]. These quantitative analysis findings, positive or negative effect of BP, RH, and T on OA pain, may provide the basic theories and help to set weather parameters for future studies exploring these potential mechanisms.
Red-light radiation: does it enhance memory by increasing hippocampal LRP-1 and TRPA-1 genes expression?
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2023
Saereh Haghjoo, Mojtaba Hedayati Ch, Mohammad Rostampour, Behrooz Khakpour-Taleghani
Normal intracellular calcium signaling appears to be an essential factor in neuronal survival and AD pathogenesis. Transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA-1) is a neuronal calcium channel which has known as the sensor of several parameters, including ROS (Lee et al. 2016; Schampel and Kuerten 2017). TRPA-1 plays an important regulatory role in mitochondrial dysfunction, calcium homeostasis, physiological function of astrocytes, and inflammatory responses which involve in neurodegenerative diseases (ND) (Borbély et al. 2019). It has been hypothesized that an increase in intracellular calcium, due to Aβ accumulation, may be the cause of neuronal destruction in AD (Tong et al. 2018). TRPA-1 is also a critical factor in regulating the inflammatory responses to a few stimuli such as bacterial endotoxin, LPS (Borbély et al. 2019). It has also been shown that cooperating of TRP and NMDA receptors, similar to glutamate receptors in the hippocampus CA1 region, is essential for synaptogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and memory enhancement (You et al. 2020).
Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) antagonists: a patent review (2015–2019)
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2020
Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is a nonselective calcium ion channel that was first cloned in 1999 and is the only member of the TRPA subfamily in mammals [5,6]. TRPA1 is distinct from other mammalian TRP ion channels by having a large number of ankyrin repeats within the N-terminal domain. Similar to other TRP channels, TRPA1 possesses a tetrameric structure with a single pore present along the central axis. Each subunit consists of an intracellular N-terminal domain characterized by the ankyrin repeats, six transmembrane alpha helices (labeled S1–S6), and an intracellular C-terminal domain (see Figure 1A). Helices S1 to S4 of the transmembrane domain form the ancestral voltage-sensing domain (VSD), while helices S5, S6, and the pore-forming loop between S5 and S6 form the ion permeation pathway [7–10].