China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
What's Causing My Gut Symptoms?
Published in Melissa G. Hunt, Aaron T. Beck, Reclaim Your Life From IBS, 2022
Melissa G. Hunt, Aaron T. Beck
The same thing happens in the microecosystem of the gut. Without good, helpful, symbiotic bacteria to colonize the gut and work with us, killing off “bad” bacteria won’t help. This may be why probiotics (which contain “live cultures” of symbiotic bacteria) have shown some promise in the management of IBS (see Chapter 9, “Diet and IBS”).
The Uterine Microbiota
Published in Carlos Simón, Carmen Rubio, Handbook of Genetic Diagnostic Technologies in Reproductive Medicine, 2022
Jonah Bardos, Carlos Simón, Inmaculada Moreno
Another theory of how local changes in the microbiome affect disease state is through a concept called competitive exclusion. Host bacteria (“normal microbiome”) have the chance to adapt to their environment. The adaptation process allows them to specialize in utilization of locally available nutrients. This adaptation depletes nutrients that would otherwise be available for invading pathogens, through a process called colonization resistance. The theory of competitive exclusion could support the potential importance of a healthy uterine microbiome.54 Additionally, symbiotic bacteria may also compete for the cell's receptors, thereby blocking access to those receptors for invading pathogens. One study utilizing an in vitro model found that the presence of lactobacilli in the reproductive tract prevented Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the bacterium causing gonorrhea, from attaching to endometrial cells.55
Role of dendritic cells in integrating immune responses to luminal antigens
Published in Phillip D. Smith, Richard S. Blumberg, Thomas T. MacDonald, Principles of Mucosal Immunology, 2020
Brian L. Kelsall, Maria Rescigno
DCs play a fundamental role in the maintenance of homeostasis of the intestinal mucosa in steady-state conditions and in the induction of T-cell responses to pathogenic microbes in the setting of infection. These functions are accomplished by specialized DC populations that are either resident within lymphoid and peripheral tissues or that migrate from tissues to draining lymph nodes. DCs are conditioned by local environmental factors, many of which are induced by symbiotic bacteria, and in turn, DCs contribute to the maintenance of a symbiotic relationship with the intestinal microbiota. Unraveling the biology of DC activation and response to the local microenvironment will further our understanding of intestinal immune disorders.
Effects of intestinal flora on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs
Published in Drug Metabolism Reviews, 2023
Amina Džidić-Krivić, Jasna Kusturica, Emina Karahmet Sher, Nejra Selak, Nejra Osmančević, Esma Karahmet Farhat, Farooq Sher
The intestine of human being is home to a large population of microorganisms and it has almost 100 trillion inhabitants. It largely outnumbers all other communities of microbes connected with the body’s surface (Schupack et al. 2022). Therefore, the gut microbiota can be portrayed as a unique and special organ that has many different functions (Yang et al. 2022). Namely, the human organism is in harmony with a countless number of symbiotic bacteria that are a constitutive part of the gut microbiota (Adak and Khan 2019). These microorganisms create an environment rich in nutrients needed for their own survival. In return, they make extremely important contributions to vitally important processes for human health, such as the proper function of the immune system and the metabolism of nutrients, drugs and different neurotransmitters (Rinninella et al. 2019).
High-sugar, high-fat, and high-protein diets promote antibiotic resistance gene spreading in the mouse intestinal microbiota
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Rong Tan, Min Jin, Yifan Shao, Jing Yin, Haibei Li, Tianjiao Chen, Danyang Shi, Shuqing Zhou, Junwen Li, Dong Yang
These bacteria include intestinal symbiotic bacteria such as Bacteroides, Enterococcus, Ruminoco-ccus, Prevotella, Parabacterioides, Eubacterium, and Faecalibaculum, which can promote digestion and metabolism. Some can produce butyric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, and other beneficial SCFAs through fermentation. However, some are pathogenic. For example, Clostridium and Chlamydia can cause a variety of diseases, Escherichia can cause severe diarrhea, and Erysipelatoclostridium can cause severe infection. These results showed that when resistance genes select receptor bacteria, although they may be selective toward closely related bacteria or the dominant bacteria in the environment, symbiotic bacteria and pathogenic bacteria might not be distinguished. Because they are in the same niche, they may accept ARGs and become ARB, thereby inhibiting antibiotic treatment and representing a serious threat to human health.
Effect of Huangqin decoction on regulating intestinal flora in colitis mice characterized as inhibition of the NOD2-dependent pathway
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Shaowei Huang, Jinrong He, Yanping Chen, Xiaojing Wang, Yanyang Li, Yulin Su, Ruyan Wen, Xiuling Li, Guanghua Yang, Shuang Luo, Lian Zhou, Xia Luo
Ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by recurrent episodes of intestinal inflammation, is challenging to cure because of its complicated etiology (Ungaro et al. 2017). Accumulating research shows that the occurrence and development of UC are strongly associated with the disorder of intestinal flora (Weingarden and Vaughn 2017; Nishida et al. 2018). Intestinal symbiotic bacteria form a microbial barrier in physiological states, which can resist the invasion of pathogenic bacteria (Zhang et al. 2017). However, the microbial barrier is damaged due to the imbalance of intestinal flora. The microbes and their metabolites invade the intestinal epithelial cells, causing inflammation and even apoptosis and destroying the intestinal physiological function. What is more, the abundance of probiotics such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in UC decreases significantly, while the pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli increase significantly (Zhang and Shen 2018). Therefore, regulating the balance of intestinal flora plays an essential role in the treatment of UC.