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Oral Health
Published in K. Balamurugan, U. Prithika, Pocket Guide to Bacterial Infections, 2019
Ana Moura Teles, José Manuel Cabeda
Among primary and secondary dentitions as well as in root surface caries, there are significant differences in the oral microbiome’s composition. In the first one, not surprisingly, S. mutans was typically detected at high levels (Becker et al. 2002). Other species like Actinomycesgerencseriae, Scardoviawiggsiae, Veillonella, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus constellatus, Streptococcus parasanguinis, and Lactobacillus fermentum were found in the secondary dentition. The root surface, unlike the dental crown, is not covered by enamel. It was found that the predominant taxa included Actinomyces species, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus faecalis, Mitsuokella sp. HOT131, Atopobium and Olsenella species, Prevotella multisaccharivorax, Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus, and Propionibacterium acidifaciens, although S. mutans was also present with these kind of caries (Preza et al. 2008).
Osteitis of the Temporal Bone
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Christopher P Aldren, Doris-Eva Bamiou, Raymond W Clarke, Richard M Irving, Haytham Kubba, Shakeel R Saeed, Paediatrics, The Ear, Skull Base, 2018
Cheka R. Spencer, Peter Monksfield
Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumonia, Burkholderia cenocepacia, Enterobacter cloacae and Streptococcus constellatus are other bacteria that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of skull base osteomyelitis.5–7,12
Linezolid
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Two cases of Streptococcus constellatus subdural empyema that had recurred on first-line therapy were successfully cured with linezolid (Lefebvre et al., 2009); the authors postulated this may have occurred because of its good penetration into both CSF and bone, because skull osteomyelitis is a common complication of this condition. Linezolid has also been used to treat a brain abscess caused by Peptostreptococcus spp. (Salin et al., 2006) and alone or in combination in the successful treatment of seven children with brain abscesses, two with confirmed microbiology (S. constellatus and Streptococcus intermedia) and three in whom surgical drainage was not performed (Krzysztofiak et al., 2010b). An elderly patient with postoperative subdural empyema and brain abscess caused by VISA had a good clinical response to linezolid, before treatment change to moxifloxacin at 28 days owing to progressive anemia (Kino et al., 2014).
Acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia following the COVID-19 mRNA-1273 vaccine
Published in Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, 2022
Stephanie Nevison, David Hwang, Anastasia Oikonomou, Lee Fidler
Bronchoscopy with lavage and transbronchial biopsies showed significant lymphocytosis (62.7% of cell count) without eosinophils observed. Bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cultures were negative for COVID-19, bacteria, mycobacteria, and fungus. Biopsies cultured Streptococcus constellatus (suspected contaminant, not grown in washings). Histopathology demonstrated acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia (AFOP), without eosinophils or hyaline membranes identified (Figure 2). The case was reviewed at a multidisciplinary discussion, resulting in a provisional diagnosis of AFOP secondary to mRNA-1273 vaccination. He was treated with corticosteroids and experienced rapid improvement of symptoms and imaging. Pulmonary function testing was normal within 6 weeks of starting treatment.
A scoping review of longitudinal airway microbiota studies
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2021
Tary Yin, Jae H. Jeong, Tim F. Hardcastle, Kristi Biswas, Richard G. Douglas
In cystic fibrosis, a study of six patients found no correlations between the microbiota and disease severity or antibiotic usage. However, another study observed a decrease in community diversity over time using a technique that identifies bacteria using DNA microarray [35,37]. Sibley et al. [38] revealed how next-generation sequencing detected pathogens more effectively than culture in a cystic fibrosis patient chronically colonized by Pseudomonas species. During recurrent acute exacerbations, Pseudomonas aeruginosa remained stable on culture despite repeated anti-Pseudomonal therapy. However, next-generation sequencing showed that Streptococcus constellatus levels more closely reflected clinical severity. Once treatment was switched to target S. constellatus, the patient’s clinical symptoms and lung function returned to baseline [38].
Rapidly developing, large pyogenic liver abscesses in the setting of pancreatic cancer
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2021
Joshua Kwon, Kathryn Pruden, Michael M. Mohseni
On admission, interventional radiology placed two abdominal pigtail catheters and a percutaneous hepatic abscess drain. Contrast injected through the hepatic abscess cavity did not show a clear communication to the biliary tree. However, an underlying biliary connection remained in the differential. Both blood cultures were positive for Streptococcus constellatus. Ascitic fluid drawn from the pigtail catheters revealed signs of secondary bacterial peritonitis with an absolute neutrophil count of 5577 cells/mm3, but subsequent cultures lacked growth. Cultures drawn from the hepatic abscesses showed polymicrobial growth of S. constellatus, Escherichia coli, Prevotella buccae, Candida lusitaniae, and Slackia exigua. Infectious disease was consulted, and antibiotics were changed to cefepime and metronidazole.