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Adult Stem Cell Plasticity
Published in Richard K. Burt, Alberto M. Marmont, Stem Cell Therapy for Autoimmune Disease, 2019
Other data indicate that the plasticity between the BM and muscle may be reciprocal. Gussoni showed that, as in the BM, there is a side population in muscle that stains faintly with Hoechst dye.89 These cells are Sca-1+ Lin-, but do not express the hematopoietic markers CD45, c-kit, or markers of committed muscle cells. When transplanted into lethally irradiated mice, muscle SP cells repopulated both the bone marrow and skeletal muscle. These SP cells thus appeared to be a population of early stem cells capable of multi-organ reconstitution. Others have also isolated bone marrow repopulating cells from muscle.91 The data become conflicting here, however, because despite originally defining the BM-reconstituting cell population in muscle as Sca-1+Lin- c-Kit+CD45-, the same group more recently published that only CD45+ muscle cells can repopulate the bone marrow.92 Although these data send conflicting messages of the true source of the BM-repopulating cells in the muscle, they all agree that the interplay of stem cells between the muscle and the BM is more detailed than previously thought.
Tissue engineering and cell therapies for neurogenic bladder augmentation and urinary continence restoration
Published in Jacques Corcos, David Ginsberg, Gilles Karsenty, Textbook of the Neurogenic Bladder, 2015
Importantly, all satellite cells are not at the same stage of commitment in the myogenic lineage.58 Therefore, the potential for producing myofibers may vary considerably. Most satellite cells express the early myogenic marker Myf5. A small subset of Myf5-negative satellite cells, may serve as stem cells that renew the satellite cell compartment. This subset of so-called muscle stem cells was found in mice to express markers (sca-1) common to other stem cell types, such as hematopoietic stem cells.59,60 Muscle stem cells have also been found in the connective tissue surrounding each myofiber, in association with capillaries, and it is believed that they may originate from the bone marrow.61,62
Neurogenetics
Published in John W. Scadding, Nicholas A. Losseff, Clinical Neurology, 2011
Sonia Gandhi, Sarah Tabrizi, Nicholas Wood
Clinically, it is worth considering whether the ataxia is pure or complicated by additional neurological features. When exploring the family history, it is important to note that the clinical phenotype may vary between family members and the nonataxic features may be predominant. SCA6 patients exhibit a ‘pure’ cerebellar ataxia. SCA7 is associated with macular degeneration as the main additional feature and blindness may present in advance of the ataxia. SCA 1, 2 and 3 may be associated with extrapyramidal features and involvement of the peripheral nervous system. In SCA 3, parkinsonism may actually predominate and may be to some degree dopa-responsive.
Modified Taohong Siwu decoction improves cardiac function after myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion in rats by promoting endogenous stem cell mobilization and regulating metabolites
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Wan-ting Meng, Zhong-Xin Xiao, Han Li, Ya-chao Wang, Yue Zhao, Yan Zhu, Hai-dong Guo
In the past 20 years, stem cell therapy has become a hot topic and focus of myocardial ischaemic injury research because of its unique advantages in the treatment of ischaemic heart disease (Yu et al. 2017; Khodayari et al. 2019). After myocardial ischaemia, the number and distribution of endogenous stem cells in the body may change (Fortini et al. 2011), which also implies that the activation of endogenous stem cells may be important for myocardial repair. For example, the treatment of myocardial ischaemic injury using autologous bone marrow stem cells can effectively improve the function of ischaemic tissue (Malecki et al. 2013). Herein, we showed that high-dose modified THSWD increased the migration of c-kit + and Sca-1+ stem cells to myocardial ischaemia sites, which might be one of the mechanisms by which modified THSWD improves cardiac function and reduces the infarct area. Although c-kit + stem cells cannot differentiate into cardiomyocytes, it has been reported that c-kit + stem cell transplantation can improve cardiac function after MI by regulating the immune response (Vagnozzi et al. 2020). Recently, Xing et al. (2021) reported that endogenous quiescent c-kit + cells improved heart function after MI via neovascularization of capillaries. Sca-1+ cells, rather than c-kit + cells, may, however, protect energy metabolism and heart function after MI (Marunouchi et al. 2019). Young Sca-1+ cells have previously been shown to improve cardiac regeneration by promoting the proliferation, migration, and reactivation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition via the TGF-β signalling pathway (Li et al. 2018).
Myocardial reparative functions of exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells are enhanced by hypoxia treatment of the cells via transferring microRNA-210 in an nSMase2-dependent way
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Jinyun Zhu, Kai Lu, Ning Zhang, Yun Zhao, Qunchao Ma, Jian Shen, Yinuo Lin, Pingping Xiang, Yaoliang Tang, Xinyang Hu, Jinghai Chen, Wei Zhu, Keith A. Webster, Jian’an Wang, Hong Yu
All animal experiments were performed with approval of the Animal Ethics Committee of Zhejiang University, which complies with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (2011). Mouse MSCs and Sca-1+ cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) were isolated from bone marrow and heart, respectively, of adult C57BL/6 male mice, and used at passages 3–6. MSCs were characterized by a flow cytometry for the expression surface markers (Supplemental Figure S1). Neonatal cardiomyocytes (CMs) were isolated from the hearts of newborn mice by digestion with tryptase and collagenase II, and cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) with 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS). H9C2 myoblasts and CMs were maintained in DMEM with high glucose. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and MSCs were cultured in DMEM with low glucose.
Identification and editing of stem-like cells in methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas
Published in OncoImmunology, 2019
Emilie T. E. Gross, Carlos D. Peinado, Yujin Jung, Semi Han, Beichen Liu, Endi K. Santosa, Jack D. Bui
We found that most MCA sarcoma cell lines had large populations that expressed Sca-1 but some did not, and in those cases Sca-1 marked a small CSC-like population. Other groups have similarly found that Sca-1 could serve as a potential universal stemness marker in murine cells.41–43 Interesting, Sca-1 is known to be induced by IFN-γ and is associated with stemness in the hematopoietic system.44–46 Indeed, we found that IFN-γ induced Sca-1 expression in MCA sarcoma cell lines. Notably, our results show that even in conditions without exogenous IFN-γ, Sca-1-expressing cells had better tumor initiating properties than cells lacking Sca-1.