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Study of Nutraceuticals in Cancer Treatment: An In Silico Approach
Published in Raj K. Keservani, Anil K. Sharma, Rajesh K. Kesharwani, Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements, 2020
Pyridoxal phosphate or vitamin B6 is found most abundantly in bread, cereals, grains, chicken, and fruits such as orange, tomato juice, banana, and avocado. Dietary vitamin B6 reduces colon tumorigenesis by reducing cell proliferation, oxidative stress, NO production, and angiogenesis (Komatsu et al., 2003). Structures of pyridoxal phosphate and its drug-centered gene interaction network that target genes in cancer are shown in Figure 6.6. Pyridoxal phosphate (Drug bank ID DB00114) interacted with several genes, as shown in Table 6.8.
Disorders of vitamin B6 metabolism
Published in William L. Nyhan, Georg F. Hoffmann, Aida I. Al-Aqeel, Bruce A. Barshop, Atlas of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, 2020
Pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP) plays numerous roles in over 140 metabolic reactions, including biosynthesis or degradation of all neurotransmitters [1]. It is synthesized from dietary pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, and pyridoxine (see Figure 100.1). The conversion of pyridoxine and pyridoxamine to the only active cofactor, PLP, requires the activity of a kinase and then of PNPO; synthesis of the active cofactor from dietary pyridoxal or pyridoxal phosphate requires the kinase only, i.e. bypassing PNPO. PNPO probably also plays a role in a salvage pathway recycling the cofactor from degraded enzymes.
Additional Supplements That Support Glycemic Control and Reduce Chronic Inflammation
Published in Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton, Type 2 Diabetes, 2018
Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton
Not all studies support the value of vitamin B6 in the treatment of diabetes or its complications. For instance, in a clinical study published in the journal Diabetes Care, titled “The influence of pyridoxine in diabetic peripheral neuropathy,” symptomatic diabetes patients were treated with vitamin B6, or placebo, in a double-blind controlled study. Only one patient had a low plasma pyridoxal phosphate level at the start of the study. After 4 months of treatment with pyridoxine hydrochloride (50 mg three times daily), significant relief of neuropathic symptoms was reported by six of nine (67%) of the pyridoxine-treated patients versus only four of nine (44%) of the placebo-treated patients.
Chromosomal microarray and exome sequencing in unexplained early infantile epileptic encephalopathies in a highly consanguineous population
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2023
Dilsad Turkdogan, Ayberk Turkyilmaz, Gunes Sager, Gulten Ozturk, Olcay Unver, Merve Say
Patient #8 with a de novo likely pathogenic variant of SLC16A2 associated with Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome (OMIM: #300523) shared reported features, including generalized hypotonia, attacks of severe generalized dystonia and dysconjugate eye movements, and abnormalities of thyroid tests, except dsymorphisms and cerebral white matter abnormalities. The posture abnormality and eye movements dramatically resolved after pyridoxal phosphate treatment. Epilepsy/EIEE has not been reported in Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome so far. The present case also had maternal monoallelic variant of DMN1 associated with EIEE 31 (OMIM: #616346). This novel variant was described as likely pathogenic by ACMG criteria and disease causing or damaging by prediction tools. Although we are unaware of data on penetrance rate of DMN1, the possible effect of the variant on epilepsy phenotype could not be completely eliminated.
Interference of altered plasma trace elements profile with hyperhomocysteinemia and oxidative stress damage to insulin secretion dysfunction in Psammomys obesus: focus on the selenium
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2023
Asma Bouazza, Eric Fontaine, Xavier Leverve, Elhadj-Ahmed Koceir
Plasma total vitamin B12 (cobalamin) levels were analysed using a commercially available solid-phase radioimmunoassay kit (MP Biomedicals, Diagnostic Division, New York, NY) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Plasma vitamin B9 (total folic acid) was determined by RIA (KFSP, folate; Diagnostic Products, Los Angeles, CA). Plasma vitamin B6 (total pyridoxal and pyridoxal phosphate) concentration was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (Thermo Finnigan Spectra Systems HPLC, Carlsbad, MA). Plasma TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β (Cat No. 589201, Cat No. 58331, and Cat No. 583361, respectively) were determined using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) according to the manufacturers’ instructions (Cayman Chemical’s ACETM EIA kit). The hepatic content in triglycerides, esterified cholesterol, and free cholesterol was carried out by a sequential quantitative method (Folch et al. 1957), and they were gravimetrically measured.
Inhibition of platelet activation using vitamins
Published in Platelets, 2020
There are some data on the synergistic effects of anti-platelet vitamins. Mixed tocopherols are more potent in preventing platelet aggregation than α-tocopherol alone. α-, δ- and -tocopherols incubated with human platelets each alone attenuated platelet aggregation. In vitro, a combination of α-, δ- and γ-tocopherols in a ratio of 1:2:5, with the total concentrations of 240 mM, synergistically inhibited the ADP (4 µM)-induced aggregation of human platelets by 50% and was 1.5 times more efficient than each tocopherol form alone.[16] After eight weeks of supplementation, the same mixed tocopherol preparation (20 mg α-, 40 mg δ- and 100 mg γ-tocopherol) also inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation[30]. The mixture of α-, γ- and δ-tocotrienols was also significantly more effective compared with the same concentration of α-tocotrienol alone[31]. A similar result was found with a mixture of the vitamin B6 vitamers, pyridoxal, pyridoxine, pyridoxamine and pyridoxal-5′-phosphate. Combinations of four vitamers at a concentration of 4 µM each were able to inhibit platelet aggregation in human PRP induced by ADP (1 µM), AA (0.4 mM) or collagen (16 µg/ml) by 50%, 70% and 30%, respectively; the activity of each vitamer alone was noticeably lower [18] (Table I). This concentration is equal to that found in the blood plasma of humans after the supplementation of 100 mg of vitamin B6 daily p.o[98].