China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Phototherapy Using Nanomaterials
Published in D. Sakthi Kumar, Aswathy Ravindran Girija, Bionanotechnology in Cancer, 2023
A. N. Resmi, V. Nair Resmi, C. R. Rekha, V. Nair Lakshmi, Shaiju S. Nazeer, Ramapurath S. Jayasree
Albumin is a plasma protein, which is responsible for blood colloidal osmotic pressure. This is non-antigenic and biodegradable and has been studied extensively as a drug carrier. The average HSA half-life is 19 days [177]. The photosensitizer pheophorbide was loaded on human serum albumin (Pheo-HSA) nanoparticles with different cross-linked ratios by non-covalent adsorption. Intracellular uptake and phototoxicity of both pheophorbide and Pheo-HSA nanoparticles were studied in Jurkat cells. For irradiation, a laser diode with emission at 668 nm and a light dose of 96 mJ/cm2 were used as light source. Due to intramolecular interactions, 1O2 quantum yield of pheophorbide-loaded HSA nanoparticles was very low and the final phototoxicity was at the same level as induced by free pheophorbide [178].
The patient with acute cardiovascular problems
Published in Peate Ian, Dutton Helen, Acute Nursing Care, 2020
Water, ions and electrolytes are constantly being exchanged between the plasma and the interstitial fluid (the fluid bathing the cells), and therefore the composition of the two is very similar. The main difference is the presence in the plasma of plasma proteins. They do not leave the circulation easily, due to their large size and irregular shapes. Each 100mL of plasma contains 7.6g of protein. Plasma proteins are essential for maintaining colloid oncotic pressure, which, in turn, is crucial for ensuring fluid stays within the circulation. Plasma proteins perform additional functions; some act as carrier molecules for drugs and other substances, and some have an important role in blood clotting and the immune response. For a summary of the protein composition of plasma, see Table 6.3.
Comparative Anatomy and Physiology of the Mammalian Eye
Published in David W. Hobson, Dermal and Ocular Toxicology, 2020
The tight junctions of the NPE cells prevent protein and other larger molecules from gaining access to the anterior chamber. In man, for example, the normal plasma protein is 6 g/100 ml, while that of the aqueous is less than 20 mg/100 ml.66 Experimentally, it has been demonstrated that the tight junctions of the NPE cells and the iris vessels are impermeable to horseradish peroxidase.66 This barrier can be damaged during inflammation, specifically by prostaglandins, as was discussed in the section on iris physiology. Also, paracentesis, the removal of aqueous from the anterior chamber, will result in a breakdown of the blood-eye barrier by fragmentation of tight junctions.68,69 In rabbits, paracentesis will also result in an elevation in the IOP, a phenomenon that appears unique to the species.66,69
Hypercholesterolemia due to lipoprotein-X manifesting as pseudohyponatremia in a patient with cholestasis
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2023
Farhan Azad, Norah Abu Mughaedh, Abdurahman Alloghbi, Ibrahim Tawhari
Pseudohyponatremia is an artifactual reduction of serum sodium and is defined by a serum concentration of <135 mEq/L in the presence of a normal serum osmolality (280–300 mOsm/kg).1 It occurs when plasma water volume, which typically constitutes 93% of serum, deviates due to lipid or protein accumulation in the nonaqueous component. The most common cause is elevated plasma protein, followed by triglycerides >1500 mg/dL, with hypercholesterolemia being a rare cause. A literature review revealed a sparse number of recent cases, with four cases associated with graft-vs-host disease after bone marrow or stem cell transplantation, three cases related to primary biliary cirrhosis, and one case with obstructive liver disease.2 Pseudohyponatremia caused by lipoprotein-X (Lp-X) accumulation in severe hepatic cholestasis is atypical.3
Yi Shen An, a Chinese traditional prescription, ameliorates membranous glomerulonephritis induced by cationic bovine serum albumin in rats
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Yun-Li Zhao, Xiang-Hua Zhang, Feng Guo, Ying Wei, Jian-Hua Shang, Xiao-Dong Luo
Kidney function is directly related to the level of protein excretion in the urine (Jiang et al. 2015). Serum ALB, the most highly expressed protein in plasma, serves as a carrier protein for steroids, fatty acids, and thyroid hormones, and plays a key role in maintaining colloid osmotic pressure (Wang et al. 2016). ALB can be excreted into the urine when the pore size of the GBM is increased, thus allowing greater filtration. This also increases the transport of small molecular weight proteins in the plasma and results in a reduction of charge in the barrier and alterations in the re-uptake ability of the renal tubules (Pavenstädt et al. 2003). These changes may also cause hypoalbuminemia (Stahl and Hoxha 2016). In addition, a reduction in the plasma protein levels in the body can stimulate the synthesis of plasma protein in the liver. Increased levels of lipoprotein cause an increase in the levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and the synthesis of TC in the liver. Moreover, reduced activity of the LDL receptor causes excessive binding of LDL to excess lipoprotein, thus leading to hyperlipemia (Oda and Keane 1997). In the present study, the administration of YSA in rats with C-BSA-induced MGN reduced the total amount of urinary protein and increased the levels of TP and ALB. Furthermore, the administration of YSA also reduced hypercholesteremia and hypertriglyceridaemia, and improved renal function.
Genome- and transcriptome-wide association studies show that pulmonary embolism is associated with bone-forming proteins
Published in Expert Review of Hematology, 2022
Ruoyang Feng, Mengnan Lu, Yanni Yang, Pan Luo, Lin Liu, Ke Xu, Peng Xu
Isoprostane-8 and GDF-15 have recently been shown to be associated with prothrombotic conditions and could be used as new markers for post-PE syndrome [9]. The artificial neural network approach that integrates plasma proteomics and genetic data has identified PLXNA4 as a new susceptibility locus for PE [10]. Plasma proteins (also known as blood proteins) are a group of more than 3,600 proteins in blood plasma that are associated with functions such as signal transduction, transport, repair, and prevention of infections [11]. Certain plasma proteins are associated with the development of PE and contribute to both PE and deep vein embolism [12]. However, studies that fully explore the genetic association between PE and human plasma proteins are limited. Our current study, in which we investigated the relationships between PE and 3,283 human plasma proteins, is novel in this respect.