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Marine-Based Carbohydrates as a Valuable Resource for Nutraceuticals and Biotechnological Application
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Rajni Kumari, V. Vivekanand, Nidhi Pareek
Alkaline phosphatase plays a vital role in bone formation. Its activation results in phosphorus, mineralization of protomers, and a decrease in the concentration of extracellular pyrophosphate (inhibitor of mineralization). Acceptance of fucoidan at a dosage of 2 mg/mL increases bone mineralization by raising alkaline phosphatase activity by 35%. (Boskey et al., 1998). Osteocalcin advances bone development, speeding up the development of hydroxyapatite crystals (Min et al., 2012). Fucoidan expanded the discharge of osteocalcin in 7F2 cells and the worth of its mineralization in a portion subordinate way. Apart from these applications, fucoidan play a vital role in various biological activities that has been summarized in Table 1.3 along with mechanism of action.
Renal Disease; Fluid and Electrolyte Disorders
Published in John S. Axford, Chris A. O'Callaghan, Medicine for Finals and Beyond, 2023
Calcium levels need to be corrected for the plasma albumin concentration (see Table 8.18). Renal function should be checked.A raised alkaline phosphatase level may indicate bone disease.Measure PTH to exclude hyperparathyroidism.A raised serum ACE level is non-specific but may indicate sarcoidosis.Blood and urine should be checked for the presence of a monoclonal antibody band to exclude myeloma.Imaging may identify cancer or other systemic diseases.ECG changes include a shortened QT interval.
Glycogen storage diseases: introduction
Published in William L. Nyhan, Georg F. Hoffmann, Aida I. Al-Aqeel, Bruce A. Barshop, Atlas of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, 2020
William L. Nyhan, Georg F. Hoffmann, Aida I. Al-Aqeel, Bruce A. Barshop
The major pathway for the catabolism of glycogen is shown in Figure 61.1. The splitting of the 1,4 linkages in glycogen is catalyzed in the presence of inorganic phosphate by phosphorylase to yield glucose-1-phosphate [10]. The phosphorylase is activated by phosphorylation of serine, which is stimulated by glucagon and epinephrine [11]. Phosphorylase kinase catalyzes the phosphorylation and activation of phosphorylase [12]. Removal of phosphate from the enzyme is catalyzed by protein phosphatase and inhibits phosphorylase activity.
Incidence of bone fractures among patients on maintenance hemodialysis
Published in Renal Failure, 2023
Abdullah Kashgary, Feryal Omar A. Attiah, Nada AbuBakr AlKhateeb, Nada H. Abdulaziz, Banan Abdullah Alsaif, Amal Fahad Aljuhani, Mohamed Abdalbary, Eman Nagy, Mostafa Abdelsalam
In the regression analysis, a higher BSAP level was the most significant predictor of fracture incidence among dialysis patients. BSAP is a bone turnover marker with its higher value indicating a higher rate of bone formation, mainly, but also a higher resorption [6]. The association between higher BSAP levels and fracture risk may indicate that the bone resorption rate was higher than the formation rate in our patients. Park et al. reported that serum alkaline phosphatase levels were negatively associated with bone mineral density in patients undergoing HD [27]. BSAP is more specific and does not accumulate in ESKD patients. Our finding that a higher BSAP is associated with a higher incidence of fractures in HD patients is in concordance with that reported by other investigators [19,28,29]. The cutoff value for BSAP for predicting fractures among our patients was 96.6 µg/L; which is clearly higher than the normal BSAP levels and indicates the prevalence of high bone osteodystrophy among our patients [30].
Molecular predictors of metastasis in patients with prostate cancer
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2023
Jundong Lin, Yangjia Zhuo, Yixun Zhang, Ren Liu, Weide Zhong
Proteases exhibit catalytic activity and play an important role in PCa metastasis. Elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) are common in metastatic PCa, especially in bone metastases [181]. Therefore, ALP is considered a marker of bone metastasis. One study found that ALP and amino-terminal propeptide of procollagen type I (P1NP) are elevated in bone metastatic prostate cancer and help predict skeletal-related events, such as pathological fractures and metastatic spinal cord compression [182]. Moreover, γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) [183] levels is increased in the serum of patients with metastatic PCa, indicating a poor prognosis in patients treated with docetaxel. In addition, an increase in lactate dehydrogenase [184] levels increases the risk of lymph node metastasis in prostate cancer.
Effect of Ritualistic Consumption of Ayahuasca on Hepatic Function in Chronic Users
Published in Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 2019
Sueli Moreira Mello, Paula Christiane Soubhia, Gabriela Silveira, Nelson Francisco Corrêa-Neto, Rafael Lanaro, José Luiz Costa, Alessandra Linardi
Alkaline phosphatase is a membrane enzyme found in many tissues, such as bones, intestine, kidney, and especially liver (Ozer et al. 2008; Ramaiah 2007). Since an increase in serum alkaline phosphatase may also result from extrahepatic diseases, the concomitant evaluation of GGT may help to identify the possible source of increased alkaline phosphatase. In primary biliary cirrhosis or chronic cholestatic liver disease, alkaline phosphatase and GGT may be increased (Nishio et al. 2000). GGT is also present in the kidneys, pancreas, liver, spleen, heart, brain, and seminal vesicle. Elevated levels of GGT may be related to alcohol consumption or the use of drugs such as barbiturates and phenytoin (Lee, Kim, and Poterucha 2012). Our results showed that GGT was below the maximum reference value and that there was no change among the time intervals studied after ayahuasca intake in both men and women.