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Marine-Based Carbohydrates as a Valuable Resource for Nutraceuticals and Biotechnological Application
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Rajni Kumari, V. Vivekanand, Nidhi Pareek
Alkaline phosphatase plays a vital role in bone formation. Its activation results in phosphorus, mineralization of protomers, and a decrease in the concentration of extracellular pyrophosphate (inhibitor of mineralization). Acceptance of fucoidan at a dosage of 2 mg/mL increases bone mineralization by raising alkaline phosphatase activity by 35%. (Boskey et al., 1998). Osteocalcin advances bone development, speeding up the development of hydroxyapatite crystals (Min et al., 2012). Fucoidan expanded the discharge of osteocalcin in 7F2 cells and the worth of its mineralization in a portion subordinate way. Apart from these applications, fucoidan play a vital role in various biological activities that has been summarized in Table 1.3 along with mechanism of action.
A diabetic with diarrhoea
Published in Tim French, Terry Wardle, The Problem-Based Learning Workbook, 2022
Alkaline phosphatase is present in all body tissues. However high concentrations are found in osteoblasts, hepatocytes, canalicular epithelial cells and placental tissue. Different cells produce different isoenzymes and these may aid diagnosis. ALP levels rise considerably when bones are growing, liver cells are damaged, or biliary obstruction occurs.
Niemann-Pick disease
Published in William L. Nyhan, Georg F. Hoffmann, Aida I. Al-Aqeel, Bruce A. Barshop, Atlas of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, 2020
We have seen Niemann-Pick patients with hepatosplenomegaly whose history was that the spleen was not palpable early. Transaminases aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) are elevated, at least at times [26]. The alkaline phosphatase is also usually elevated. The cholesterol may be elevated in addition. There may be prolonged neonatal jaundice, and episodes of unexplained jaundice later. We have seen patients who presented in early infancy with acute jaundice, abnormal liver function tests, and hepatomegaly, suggesting a diagnosis of acute hepatocellular disease rather than a lipid storage disease. We have also seen a patient in whom two liver biopsies had been done in another institution and interpreted as fatty metamorphosis. At least one patient with Niemann-Pick disease was thought, on biopsy, to have glycogenosis [27]. Jaundice is a common terminal finding and some patients have developed disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. There may be lymphadenopathy.
Extracorporeal shock wave therapy to treat neurogenic heterotopic ossification in a patient with spinal cord injury: A case report
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2021
Hyun Min Jeon, Won Jae Lee, Hee Sup Chung, You Gyoung Yi, Seoyon Yang, Dae Hyun Kim, Kyung Hee Do
At the initial visit to the department of physical medicine and rehabilitation, the subject had suffered from severe right hip pain with a visual analog scale (VAS) score between 7 and 8 without definite heatness or swelling (Table 1). A radiograph of the right hip revealed NHO on the greater trochanter of the right hip (Fig. 1A). The maximum length of long axis for the NHO according to the radiograph was 13.63 mm and the maximum length of short axis for the NHO was 8.13 mm. The Computed Tomography (CT) scans also showed NHO on the greater trochanter of the right hip (Fig. 2). The NHO volume was measured using 3D slicer 4.10 and was found to be 818 mm3. The serum alkaline phosphatase level was 192 IU/L. Medications(aceclofenac 100 mg twice a day and disodium etidronate 600 mg once a day) and physical modalities for a minimum period of 3 weeks were used to treat the pain. However, he still complained of severe pain with a VAS of 7–8 after 3 weeks of conservative treatments (Table 1). In addition, because of his severe pain, the subject could not sit on the wheelchair for more than an hour and he could not transfer well.
Practical management of adverse events in patients with advanced systemic mastocytosis receiving midostaurin
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2021
Jason Gotlib, Hanneke C. Kluin-Nelemans, Cem Akin, Karin Hartmann, Peter Valent, Andreas Reiter
A 65-year-old man presented with SM associated with CMML and KIT D816V and SRSF2 mutations (with mutant allele burdens of 42% and 36%, respectively). The patient experienced abdominal bloating and discomfort, with a weight loss of 4.5 kg over 3 months. In addition, he presented with diarrhea 2 to 3 times daily and paracentesis-dependent ascites (every 2 weeks). On physical examination, performed between episodes of paracentesis, splenomegaly of 8 cm below the left costal margin and hepatomegaly of 5 cm were evident. His complete blood count revealed a white blood cell count of 14.8 × 109/L, hemoglobin level of 10.4 g/dL, and platelet count of 108 × 109/L. His differential revealed 40% neutrophils, 20% lymphocytes, and 38% monocytes, for an absolute monocyte count of 5.62 × 109/L. A bone marrow core biopsy showed MC involvement of 40% as well as CMML-1 with a marrow blast count of 6%. The serum tryptase level was 220 ng/mL (normal, <11.4 ng/mL). An increase in serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) to 340 IU/L was noted [normal, <130 IU/L]. Liver biopsy as well as random biopsies via upper endoscopy and colonoscopy confirmed involvement by SM. Midostaurin therapy (100 mg twice daily) was initiated, with the patient reporting moderate nausea starting 30 minutes after the morning dose and lasting for 1 hour, resulting in 1 episode of vomiting.
Intrathyroidal parathyroid carcinoma presenting as an asymptomatic hypercalcemia: a case report
Published in Acta Chirurgica Belgica, 2020
Natalie Poortmans, Guy Verfaillie, David Unuane, Steven Raeymaeckers, Jan Lamote
Initially asymptomatic, apart from some constipation, blood results showed a serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) of 277 ng/L (reference range 15–65 ng/L). Alkaline phosphatase was slightly elevated at 86 U/L (reference range 34–76 U/L) with serum phosphorous at 0.71 mmol/L (reference range 0.87–1.45 mmol/L). She was vitamin D deficient, with serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels of 12.3 mcg/L (reference range 30–100 mcg/L). Renal and liver function tests were normal. Ultrasound (US) of the neck showed a hyporeflective nodule of 14 mm located posteriorly to the left thyroid upper lobe, suggestive of a parathyroid adenoma, and a mixed solid cystic nodule with a maximum diameter of 30 mm in the left thyroid lower pole (Figure 1). Fine needle aspiration (FNA) of this nodule was inconclusive, compatible with a bleeding cyst (Bethesda Classification 1).