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Pathogenicity and Virulence
Published in Julius P. Kreier, Infection, Resistance, and Immunity, 2022
There are many different factors that can function as bacterial adhesins. Moreover, it is now realized that many bacteria make use of not just one but several of these factors. Most strains of N. gonorrhoeae can adhere both by fimbriae and opacity proteins. Strain 9 of this species has been shown to express four different isogenic fimbrial variants simultaneously. Uropathogenic E. coli, which adheres to the epithelial cells of the urinary tract by means of P fimbriae, also has the ability to adhere by means of other surface molecules. Multiple adhesins have been demonstrated in many other species, including V. cholerae, H. influenzae, and B. pertussis. Bacteria that are able to utilize different adhesins may be better able to evade the defense mechanisms of the host.
Urinary Tract Infections (UTI)
Published in Manit Arya, Taimur T. Shah, Jas S. Kalsi, Herman S. Fernando, Iqbal S. Shergill, Asif Muneer, Hashim U. Ahmed, MCQs for the FRCS(Urol) and Postgraduate Urology Examinations, 2020
Nish Bedi, Ali Omar, Jas S. Kalsi
Q11–16. UropathogensClostridium difficileUropathogenic Escherichia coliAdhesinsEndotoxinsUrea-splitting bacteriaP-fimbriaeType 1 pili>1.5
Urinary tract infections
Published in Prem Puri, Newborn Surgery, 2017
P fimbriae E. coli adhere to the urothelial cells and lead to a decrease in ureteral peristalsis. Bacteria secrete endotoxins that cross the ureteral mucosa and lead to paralysis of ureteral smooth muscle along with risk of ascent and reflux of bacteria. Consequently, this slows the flow in the peripheral ureters, and adherent bacteria are not washed away. Compromise of host natural immune defenses that protect the urinary tract from infection, in particular, immunologic immaturity, also predisposes pediatric patients to development of UTI. In addition, some children will have colonization of their feces by virulent bacteria.17 This is especially true in those patients with slow stool transit times and severe constipation, a cofactor that is more common in older children in the potty-training age group.
Rotula aquatica Lour. mitigates oxidative stress and inflammation in acute pyelonephritic rats
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2022
A. Vysakh, Kuriakose Jayesh, Ninan Jisha, V. Vijeesh, Sebastian Jose Midhun, Mathew Jyothis, M. S. Latha
The notable characteristics of acute pyelonephritis were acute inflammation, renal parenchymal and pelvis infection (Uhlén et al.2000). The inflammatory response during the infection was elicited by activation of TLR-4 receptor by bacterial virulence factors. The virulence factors like P fimbriae and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are capable to induce major inflammatory pathways such as TLR-4-mediated NF-κB pathway. The stimulation of TLR-4 leads to the activation of transcription factors which are responsible for the transcription of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines (Vysakh et al.2018a). These result in the formation of chronic inflammation at the site of infection. The inflammatory condition associated with uropathogenic infection leads to tissue damage and renal scaring. Another important factor that contributes to renal tissue damage was leukocyte infiltration in connection with bacterial invasion.
The anti-biofilm and anti-virulence activities of trans-resveratrol and oxyresveratrol against uropathogenic Escherichia coli
Published in Biofouling, 2019
Jin-Hyung Lee, Yong-Guy Kim, Chaitany Jayprakash Raorane, Shi Yong Ryu, Jae-Jin Shim, Jintae Lee
UPEC strains produce fimbriae (Bahrani-Mougeot et al. 2002; Snyder et al. 2005). Hence, qRT-PCR was performed for the changes of expression of curli fimbriae (csgA and csgB), type 1 fimbriae (fimA and fimH), motility (motA), P-fimbriae (papA), S-fimbriae (sfaS) and housekeeping (rrsG) genes. Interestingly, t-resveratrol and oxyresveratrol at 50 μg ml−1 significantly reduced the gene expression of csgA, csgB, fimA, fimH, motA, and papA (Figure 5B), which partially supports the reduction in fimbriae production (Figure 5A) and swarming motility (Figure 4A). These results match with a previous result that t-resveratrol repressed curli genes and motility genes and decreased swarming motility and curli fimbriae formation in enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 (Lee et al. 2013).
Characterization of (Uropathogenic) E. coli isolated from urinary tract infections: phylogenetic typing and distribution of virulence-associated traits
Published in British Journal of Biomedical Science, 2018
Ali Salehzadeh, Hojjatolah Zamani
Prevalence of the genes corresponding to the following virulence factors were screened using PCR: pathogenicity island I (PAI), protectin (traT), mannose-specific type 1 fimbriae (fimH), P fimbriae (papC), haemolysin A (hlyA), S-fimbriae (sfa-S), F1C fimbriae (foc/G) and iron acquisition components (chuA and fyuA). The PCR primers for each gene were presented in Table 1. In order to ensure the accuracy of the PCR products, the amplified genes were sequenced and the sequences were submitted to the GenBank (NCBI) and blasted with other published sequences from the GenBank database. Isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibilities by disc diffusion [5] with cephalothin (30 μg), imipenem (10 μg), gentamicin (10 μg), chloramphenicol (30 μg), ciprofloxacin (5 μg), tetracycline (30 μg), cefotaxime (30 μg), cefepime (30 μg), cefixime (5 μg) and piperacillin (100 μg). E. coli ATCC 25922 was the reference strains to control the quality of the applied antimicrobial agents [6]. In addition, isolates which displayed resistance to more than three chemotherapeutic groups were considered multi-drug resistant. An Antibiotic resistance score (ARS) for different phylogenetic groups was determined as median number of antibiotics resisted by the isolates from the different phylogenetic groups. Fisher’s exact test was used to establish significance and P value of < 0.05 was considered significant.