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Clonorchis
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
ESPs promote proliferation and suppress apoptosis of malignant or abnormal cells, as well as induce genomic instability and alterations in transcriptomic, proteomic, and miRNA profiles through its different proteins. For example, cathepsin B cysteine proteases (CsCB) may regulate host immune response.75 Phospholipase 2 (CsPLA2), lysophospholipase (CslysoPLA), fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (CsFPBase), and Fe heavy chain protein (CsFHC) activate human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and key cells in liver fibrosis.26,76–78C. sinensis calmodulin (CsCaM) caused severe liver inflammation with mild to moderate fibrosis in rats.79 In the mouse model, CsNOSIP (C. sinensis NOS interacting protein coding gene) plays an important role in oxidative stress.80 In the human HCC cell line, C. sinensis protein severin (Csseverin) can play a vital role in the apoptosis resistance of tumorous cells, significantly aggravating the disease in HCC patients combined with C. sinensis infestation.81 Analysis of trascriptomes and proteomes of the HuCCA cells showed that 435 genes, some of which are involved in modulating apoptosis, carcinogenesis, metabolism, redox homeostasis, and signal transmission, are differentially regulated by C. sinensis ESPs; the genes related to oncogenes are upregulated, and genes playing a role in apoptosis are downregulated.82,83 In a hamster CCA model, oncogenes PSMD10 and CDK4 were upregulated, while the tumor suppressor genes p53 and RP were downregulated.84 Transcriptional activation of the minichromosome maintance protein 7, MCM7 (associated with various types of cancer) is mediated by histone acetyltransferase (i.e., via epigenetic pathway), the level expression of which is increased with ESPs treatment.85 miRNAs are reported to be also involved in cell proliferation, inflammation, oncogene activation and suppression, metastasis, and DNA methylation.26,38,86 In the ESPs-treated HuCCT1 cells, 13 miRNAs were upregulated and 3 miRNAs were downregulated, including a tumor suppressor let-7.86
Gankyrin-mediated interaction between cancer cells and tumor-associated macrophages facilitates prostate cancer progression and androgen deprivation therapy resistance
Published in OncoImmunology, 2023
Guang Peng, Chao Wang, Hongru Wang, Min Qu, Keqin Dong, Yongwei Yu, Yuquan Jiang, Sishun Gan, Xu Gao
Gankyrin (also known as p28GANK, p28 or PSMD10), a component of the 19S regulatory cap of the 26S proteasome, has been identified by our and other previous studies as an oncogene that contributes to oncogenesis, proliferation, drug resistance, and metastasis in multiple types of malignancies.16–18 In addition, high expression of gankyrin predicts poor prognosis in liver cancer patients.19 We have also shown that gankyrin can be a prognostic indicator for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients and that gankyrin facilitates RCC progression and pazopanib resistance.20,21 Overall, gankyrin has a critical oncogenic function in the TME, promoting tumor progression and therapy resistance.22 However, data on its role in prostate cancer are limited. One relevant observation is that higher gankyrin expression has been detected in prostate cancer tissues than in adjacent normal tissues, which correlates positively with a high Gleason score and histopathological tumor grade.23 Another study reported that downregulation of gankyrin impaired the growth of the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP.24 Nonetheless, neither the contribution of gankyrin to cancer progression and therapy resistance nor the relationship between gankyrin and TAMs within the TME has been explored in prostate cancer. The present research was therefore conducted to explore the crosstalk and underlying molecular mechanisms between gankyrin and TAMs in prostate cancer progression and ADT resistance.
Prognostic Value and Molecular Mechanisms of Proteasome 26S Subunit, Non-ATPase Family Genes for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Patients after Pancreaticoduodenectomy
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2022
Caifu Zhou, Haixia Li, Xiao Han, Hongbing Pang, Manya Wu, Yanping Tang, Xiaoling Luo
It has been reported PSMDs act a role in various cancers. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) was pivotal for breast cancer (BC) and anti-HER2 has achieved substantial success for the treatment of BC [68]. In addition, PSMD3 can stabilize HER2 from degradation and high expression of PSMD3 was also found to be related to HER2 expression and a poorer OS [21]. It was reported that in ovarian cancer and HCC, PSMD10 overexpression decreased the therapeutic effect of chemotherapeutics, and was a risk factor for a poor prognosis [69,70], the inhibition of PSMD10 would result in suppressing progression of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cells [71]. PSMD14, another member of PSMD family, was reported in some extent associated with poor clinical outcomes in several cancers, including multiple myeloma (MM), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and BC [72–75]. PSMD14 can stabilize E2F1 and GRB2 to promote HCC formation and metastasis [74,76]. It is encouraging to note that proteasome inhibitors had been demonstrated it could prolong the lives of thousands of patients with MM [77], accordingly, PSMDs should be taken seriously and further studied in oncology. In patients with PDAC, the level of PSMD expression was significantly different between the tumor and normal tissue and a comprehensive survival analysis had been carried out in this study. We found that PSMD6, PSMD9, PSMD11, and PSMD14 were closely related to the OS, and both PSMD6 and PSMD11 were related to RFS. Our risk score model subsequently revealed the ability in predicting the prognosis, and we reasonably believe that PSMD6 and PSMD11 may be indicators for predicting the outcomes of early stage PDAC patients after pancreaticoduodenectomy.
The potential role of miRNAs in multiple myeloma therapy
Published in Expert Review of Hematology, 2018
Daniele Caracciolo, Martina Montesano, Emanuela Altomare, Francesca Scionti, Maria Teresa Di Martino, Pierosandro Tagliaferri, Pierfrancesco Tassone
miR-214 directly targets p28/gankyrin (encoded by PSMD10), an oncoprotein which functions as a negative regulator of p53 by binding to MDM2/HDM2 complex, thus enhancing p53 degradation. Consistently, gankyrin down-regulation induced by miR-214 ectopic expression led to an increase of P53 transcriptional signaling which finally translated into tumor suppressor activity this miRNA in MM [67].