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Flaxseed, a Functional Food—Constituents and Their Health Benefits
Published in Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton, Flaxseed, 2023
Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton
Flaxseeds are available in two basic varieties: brown and yellow or golden. Both have similar nutritional characteristics and equal numbers of short-chain omega-3 fatty acids. Omega-3 fatty acids are important fats that the body needs that it must get from the diet because the body cannot produce them. The three most important types are Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ALA is mainly found in plants, seeds and nuts, including flaxseeds, chia seeds, flaxseed oil and walnuts. DHA and EPA occur mostly in animal foods, such as fatty fish, fish oils and algae.
Postmenopause
Published in Carolyn Torkelson, Catherine Marienau, Beyond Menopause, 2023
Carolyn Torkelson, Catherine Marienau
The usual recommended dose of omega-3 fatty acids is 1–3 grams daily. Getting omega-3 in adequate amounts in the diet can be a challenge, so adding a daily supplement may be necessary. Ground flaxseed is a good source of omega 3-fatty acid and is a suitable alternative if you find it difficult to take a fish oil supplement. You can easily add ground flaxseed to your diet by adding about 2 tablespoons to a smoothie or sprinkling the same amount over cereal or salad.
Uveitis
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
EPA/DHA: Omega-3 fatty acids, such as fish oil, may help lower inflammation and boost the immune system. Patients taking blood-thinning medications, such as aspirin, warfarin (Coumadin), or clopidogrel (Plavix), should consult their doctor before taking omega-3 fatty acid supplements.6
Fish oil and chicoric acid combination protects better against palmitate-induced lipid accumulation via regulating AMPK-mediated SREBP-1/FAS and PPARα/UCP2 pathways
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2023
Mohammad Mohammadi, Roghayeh Abbasalipourkabir, Nasrin Ziamajidi
Fish oil omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), predominantly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in which the first double bond is located at the third carbon from the omega end. From here on, we use the term “fish oil” to refer to mixture of EPA plus DHA, unless noted otherwise. There is growing evidence that fish oil supplementation has beneficial effects on many chronic diseases such as cardiovascular (AbuMweis et al.2018), diabetes (Chen et al.2015), asthma (Best et al.2016), and NAFLD, as mentioned earlier (Chen et al.2018). Of note, increased fish oil intake is inversely associated with all-cause mortality among general population (Chen et al.2016). However, the mechanism of action of EPA in reducing all-cause mortality is probably due to its anti-inflammatory effects (Miura et al.2016). Although the exact mechanism of action of PUFAs on lipid metabolism is not yet fully understood, it seems that PUFAs affect both lipogenesis and lipolysis by targeting key transcriptional regulators of lipid metabolism such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) (Tai and Ding 2010).
Icosapent ethyl: safely reducing cardiovascular risk in adults with elevated triglycerides
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2022
Manan Pareek, R. Preston Mason, Deepak L. Bhatt
The three key omega-3 fatty acids involved in human physiology are alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) derived from plant oils, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) derived largely from fish oils. The term omega-3 indicates the presence of a carbon-carbon double bond three carbons from the terminal or omega methyl group of the fatty acid chain [41–43]. Proposed mechanisms for reduction of circulating triglyceride concentrations include reduced hepatic production of very low-density lipoprotein, increased chylomicron clearance, stimulation of lipoprotein lipase activity, reduced de novo lipogenesis, increased beta-oxidation, reduced delivery of fatty acids to the liver, reduced hepatic enzyme activity for triglyceride synthesis, and a relative increase in hepatic phospholipid synthesis [44–50].
Hippocampal neural cell degeneration and memory deficit in high-fat diet-induced postnatal obese rats– exploring the comparable benefits of choline and DHA or environmental enrichment
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2021
Gayathri S. Prabhu, Mohandas K. G. Rao, Kiranmai S. Rai
Alternately, intervention with dietary brain nutrients like choline and DHA to high fat diet-induced obese rats resulted in significantly higher mean number of surviving neural cells in CA1 and CA3 sub-region of hippocampus compared to the same in age matched OB rats. Supplementation of choline and DHA to OB rats helps reduce LDL levels and as choline helps in maintaining lipoprotein and membrane structural integrity it favors neural cell survival [35]. Choline deficiency has been associated with fatty liver, liver damage. Studies have shown that dietary supplementation of choline can regulate cholesterol metabolism in liver of phosphatidyl-ethanolamine-N-methyltransferase [PEMT]/Ldlr knockout mice fed a high-fat diet, thus maintaining cholesterol levels [36]. And also choline consists of methyl group donors that support brain structure and brain functions related to learning, cognitive and memory functions [37]. On the other hand, docosahexaenoic acid an omega three fatty acid, influences PEMT for the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine from phosphatidyl-ethanolamine [38]. Omega-3 fatty acids reduce inflammation and oxidative damage which in turn preserves the neural cell damage when exposed to high fat diet [39]. Thus DHA supplements along with choline favors reduced neural cell damage. Docosahexaenoic acid when given with choline has been shown to stimulate choline acetyltransferase [ChAT] enzymatic activity thus stimulating neural cell growth and development [40].Combined supplementation of choline and DHA enhances neurodevelopment and membrane growth [41].