China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Regeneration of Cardiomyocytes from Bone Marrow Stem Cells and Application to Cell Transplantation Therapy
Published in Richard K. Burt, Alberto M. Marmont, Stem Cell Therapy for Autoimmune Disease, 2019
Recent reports have demonstrated the existence of pluripotent stem cells in adult tissues. Roy et al reported the existence of neural stem cells in the brain that can differentiate into neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes in vitro.5 Marrow stromal cells have been shown to possess many characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells,6 and pluripotent progenitor marrow stromal cells can differentiate into various cell types, including osteoblasts,7,8 myocytes,9 adipocytes, tenocytes, and chondroblasts.10 We recently reported the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into cardiomyocytes after exposure to 5-azacytidine and the establishment of cell line CMG (cardiomyogenic) that differentiates into cardiomyocytes in vitro.11 CMG cells exhibit spontaneous beating and express atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and they may provide a useful and powerful tool for cardiomyocyte transplantation after further characterization of their cardio-myocyte phenotype.
Regeneration: Nanomaterials for Tissue Regeneration
Published in Harry F. Tibbals, Medical Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, 2017
Neural stem cells have great potential for brain repair; they can differentiate into neurons and glia that integrate into the injured brain to replace lost cells. But in order to produce and maintain the differentiated gene expressions and functions of a mature cell phenotype, stem cells must be provided with an environment that sends the appropriate signals for development and growth. The ability of neural stem cells to grow and differentiate is affected by the surface morphology of their substrate matrix, the presence of the correct neurotropic factors, and interactions with neighboring cells.
Platelet-rich plasma and stem cells
Published in Pierre Bouhanna, Eric Bouhanna, The Alopecias, 2015
Gilbert Amgar, Joseph Greco, Fabio Rinaldi
Fetal stem cells located in the organs of the fetus are referred to as fetal stem cells. Adult stem cells can be found in children and adults and can be pluripotent and multipotent stem cells45,46: Pluripotent stem cells in humans are small in number and can be found in umbilical cord blood, amniotic fluid, and bone marrow.The typical adult stem cells, present in many tissues, are multipotent (lineage restricted), and they only can originate the same differentiated cell types from the tissue of origin. Many adult stem cells have been identifid: Hematopoietic stem cells, differentiate into all mature blood cells.Neural stem cells, differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes.Mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into fibroblasts, adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and skeletal muscle cells.47
Study on the ameliorating effect of miR-221-3p on the nerve cells injury induced by sevoflurane
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2021
Qirui Wang, Xin Tian, Qijuan Lu, Kun Liu, Jiekun Gong
To observe the effects of sevoflurane on hippocampal neurons viability and apoptosis, the sevoflurane model was constructed, and cells were treated with the concentration of 1%, 2% and 3% sevoflurane, respectively. Neural development is a complex and dynamic process, and the viability of neural stem cells directly affects neural development. Drug-induced neuronal apoptosis is also a potential factor affecting neural development [24, 25]. Anesthetic drugs can trigger abnormal apoptotic patterns, and cause neurodegenerative changes in the brain [26]. It has shown that the exposure of sevoflurane may lead to the loss of hippocampal neurons and cognitive dysfunction by inducing the apoptosis of hippocampal cells mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress [27]. This study revealed the toxic effects of sevoflurane on hippocampal neurons in rats, sevoflurane inhibited the cell viability and promoted apoptosis. These results were consistent with previous studies by Xu Yang et al [28]. Importantly, we observed that miR-221-3p level was decreased by sevoflurane, suggesting that the down-regulation of miR-221-3p was involved in the neuron injury induced by sevoflurane.
Emerging role of nanomedicine in the treatment of neuropathic pain
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2020
Pankaj Bidve, Namrata Prajapati, Kiran Kalia, Rakesh Tekade, Vinod Tiwari
Embryonic stem cells are not used because of the ethical problem and also tumour-related risk. Neural stem cells are the most appropriate type of cells which can differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes [86]. Silvia Franchiand colleagues in 2011 were first to use intravenous murine neural stem cells for the treatment of neuropathic pain. This group succeeded in elucidating the biochemical mechanism of neural stem cell therapy and suggested that these cells exert a bi-directional interaction with immune cells and modulatory factors induced by nerve lesion [87,88]. One of the mainproblems with this therapy was low survival rate in the host with a damaged spinal cord. Thus, this problem was overcome by using combinatorial strategy. Luo and colleagues found that co-transplantation of neural stem cells with olfactory ensheathing cells improved the sensory functions related to pain behaviour. The combinatorial strategy improved the axonal integrity and plasticity of ascending and descending pathways [88]. Neural stem cells isolated from both rodents as well as humans could be used for the cell therapy in neuropathic pain. Bone marrow derived mononuclear cells can also be used for the treatment of neuropathic pain [89].
Neuronal and glial regeneration after focal cerebral ischemia in rat, an immunohistochemical and electron microscopical study
Published in Alexandria Journal of Medicine, 2018
Abeer E. Dief, Passainte S. Hassan, Oehring Hartmut, Gustav F. Jirikowski
The majority of cerebral stem cells are located in the subventricular zone of all cerebral ventricles and in the hippocampal subgranular layer. These cells are the source of both neuronal and glial cells.14 They migrate into the lesion site upon activation through chemical signals released from damaged tissue. Neural stem cells express certain proteins that are typically present during brain development. One of these markers is nestin, an intermediate filament protein, which is expressed in the astrocytes and in radial glial cells in the developing brain.15 Upon focal ischemia in rat, nestin positive cells from the ipsilateral subventricular zone have been shown to differentiate into glial cells. Therefore, in the adult brain, nestin expression seems to occur in both proliferating cells and reactive astrocytes.16,17