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Ocimum Basilicum: A Model Medicinal Industrial Crop Enriched with an Array of Bioactive Chemicals
Published in Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter, Medicinal Plants, 2023
Sunita Singh Dhawan, Pankhuri Gupta, Raj Kishori Lal
Genome sequencing done by Next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms of sweet basil has changed the impact of sequencing of plant genes, genomes, and their regulation. It will also help in identifying the target for development of trichomes and also establish novel tools for molecular breeding for generation of new and improved genotypes or varieties of Ocimum plant.
Impact of Integrated Omics Technologies for Identification of Key Genes and Enhanced Artemisinin Production in Artemisia annua L.
Published in Tariq Aftab, M. Naeem, M. Masroor, A. Khan, Artemisia annua, 2017
Shashi Pandey-Rai, Neha Pandey, Anjana Kumari, Deepika Tripathi, Sanjay Kumar Rai
Another method is recurrent selection, which is more suitable for A. annua, as it involves cross-pollinating species. Through different selection methods, a few high-yielding varieties/cultivars of A. annua, such as “CIM-Arogya,” “Jeevan Raksha,” and Asha, were developed by the Central Institute for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), India, as superior lines rich in AN (Patra and Kumar 2005). Recently, Townsend et al. (2013) have also reported that selection of material for breeding using combining ability analysis of a diallele cross can be used for the selection/identification of elite parents to produce high-AN-producing A. annua hybrids. This selection method was found to be consistent with advanced QTL-based molecular breeding approaches. The advancement of plant breeding using different biotechnological tools is now opening a new platform for crop improvement. Among these tools is molecular/mutational breeding, which involves induced mutational changes through chemicals/radiation or by site-directed mutagenesis with the advantage of improving one or two yield-related characters without modifying the rest of the genetic constitution. A successful effort was made by Mediplant (a Swiss not-for-profit organization) by developing a hybrid of A. annua known as “Artemis” (F1 hybrid) with a high mean annual AN production of about 32 kg/ha. Further, they also created a new high-yielding hybrid with 40.5–52.0 kg/ha AN production (Simonnet et al. 2008).
The Impacts of Modern Agriculture on Plant Genetic Diversity
Published in Bill Pritchard, Rodomiro Ortiz, Meera Shekar, Routledge Handbook of Food and Nutrition Security, 2016
Molecular markers tag the presence of genes and traits. Markers uncover and help manage diversity prior to and during the breeding process – known as molecular breeding – facilitating the integration of new and useful variation in the production of more pertinent crops which expands their genetic base. The increased availability of marker technologies significantly decreased the costs, facilitating the construction of dense genetic maps – tools assigning specific DNA fragments to the chromosomes of a given progeny – which were the precursors of decoding the complete genomes of plants. Following, genome re-sequencing allowed the discovery of biologically important sequence variation.
Induced mutation in Agaricus bisporus by gamma ray to improve genetic variability, degradation enzyme activity, and yield
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2021
Tayebeh Harfi, Motallebi-Azar Alireza, Rasouli Farzad, Zaare-Nahandi Fariborz
According to the lifecycle of the white button mushroom, decreasing the variability is the main obstacle in breeding programs. Thus, the present study unveiled that gamma irradiation could be a useful tool for inducing the variation. Our result showed that mutation by gamma-ray could be effective in creating diversity as an early step for classical and molecular breeding; in other words, the application of gamma-ray treatments on white button mushroom spores created desirable variation in the traits. It can also accidentally result in the isolation of a new strain. The variation of yields observed along with changes in lignin-degrading enzyme activities can indicate that the higher yield is probably due to an enhancement in the enzyme activity. In this research, the isolated 15 variants were clustered in two main groups by the cluster analysis. The cluster I had higher lignin degradation enzyme activity and yield, and genetic variation was approved by the SRAP marker. Finally, our results revealed that gamma irradiation can produce new variants and increase variability for use in the future breeding program.
Foodomics for human health: current status and perspectives
Published in Expert Review of Proteomics, 2018
Daniela Braconi, Giulia Bernardini, Lia Millucci, Annalisa Santucci
Metabolomics, either by means of NMR or MS coupled with chromatographic techniques, has revealed an invaluable potential for the identification, characterization, and improvement of nutraceuticals and functional foods from plants [68,69]. Metabolome of plants, including primary and secondary metabolites, is extremely complex to be investigated, but recent technological advancements and implementation of analytical software and databases have helped the identification and quantification of interesting plant metabolites. Together with other omics, metabolomics could also help the identification of genetic control factors that may be exploited through plant engineering and molecular breeding in order to enhance the production of the compounds of interest, generally produced in very low quantities [68].
Enhanced production of tanshinone IIA in endophytic fungi Emericella foeniculicola by genome shuffling
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2018
Pengyu Zhang, Yiting Lee, Xiying Wei, Jinlan Wu, Qingmei Liu, Shanning Wan
In this study, a genome shuffling protocol for isolating the regenerating protoplasts and the successive rounds of protoplast fusion in E. foeniculicola was described. Our results demonstrate that the rapid improvement of tanshinone IIA production could be achieved by this method. After three rounds of protoplast fusion, an improved recombinant F3.4 was obtained. The molecular differences between the parental strains and the shuffled recombinants were observed. Our results suggest that strain F3.4 is a promising candidate strain for industrial application, and the genome shuffling is a powerful approach for the molecular breeding of industrial strains.