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Chemistry of Syzygium cumini
Published in K. N. Nair, The Genus Syzygium, 2017
Saturated, unsaturated, epoxy, and cyclopropenoid fatty acids have been detected in seed oil of S. cumini. The usual fatty acids from seed oil of S. cumini include lauric acid (118), myristic acid (119), palmitic acid (120), stearic acid (121), oleic acid (122), and linoleic acid (123), along with cyclopropenoid fatty acid malvalic acid (124), sterculic acid (125), and an epoxy fatty acid, vernolic acid (126), having abundances of 2.8%, 31.7%, 4.7%, 6.5%, 32.2%, 16.1%, 1.2%, 1.8%, and 3.0%, respectively, in seed oil (Saeed et al. 1987; Daulatabad et al. 1988). Conversely, more recent GC analysis of seed extract revealed that the percentage of 122 is the highest, followed by 123 (Kumar et al. 2007). In the seed extract, 4-(2-2-dimethyl-6-6-methylenecyclohexyl)butanol (127), decahydro-8a-ethyl-1,1,4a,6-tetramethylnapthalene (128), octadecane (129), 1-chlorooctadecane (130), and tetratetracontane (131) were identified by gas chromatography (Kumar et al. 2009), and the presence of eleostearic acid (132) was detected by spectroscopic methods from seed oil (Das and Banerjee 1995).
Inhibition of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase by Sterculic Oil Reduces Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cell Lines
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Eric Francisco Contreras-López, Carlos David Cruz-Hernández, Sergio Alberto Cortés-Ramírez, Abril Ramírez-Higuera, Carolina Peña-Montes, Mauricio Rodríguez-Dorantes, Rosa María Oliart-Ros
Sterculic acid (SA) is a cyclopropenoic fatty acid that occurs naturally in seed’s triglycerides of plants from the order Malvales (25). SA is a natural inhibitor of SCD activity In Vivo and In Vitro, so it has been proposed as a tool for the treatment of some pathologies, such as metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, and retinal disorders (13,26–32). In our group, we have obtained sterculic oil from the seeds of Sterculia apetala and Sterculia mexicana trees located in the tropical rainforests of southeastern Mexico. People in this area use to dry, boil or roast the seeds to develop a nutlike or peanut butter-like aroma and taste, and uses them for human nutrition and as animal forage. In some areas, grounded seeds are used for chocolate flavoring (33,34). The content of sterculic acid in the sterculic oil we have obtained varies from 30-64% and is usually accompanied with malvalic acid (1-2%) another cyclopropene acid with the ability to inhibit SCD (32). By administering sterculic oil to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) we have reported reductions in body weight and adiposity, and the improvement of blood pressure (BP), adiponectin, and TG levels (26); in addition, we have demonstrated that sterculic oil administration exerts a protective effect from metabolic syndrome development in a fructose induced rat model (27).