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Fruits
Published in Christopher Cumo, Ancestral Diets and Nutrition, 2020
Yanomami durability is difficult to explain and probably cannot be attributed wholly to bananas or another food. Note must be taken of infections, which caused only seventy of the 2,216 (3.2 percent) Yanomami deaths between 1930 and 1957.153 In contrast, exposure to Old World diseases inflicted 3,632 of 5,556 (65.4 percent) deaths between 1958 and 1961. These numbers demonstrate that European intrusion shattered the equilibrium, achieved over millennia of natural selection, between the Yanomami and their surroundings, and that precontact longevity was an outcome of Yanomami adaptation to the environment. Yet this explanation is unhelpful if it requires the assumption that numerous other premodern peoples were maladapted to their surroundings. Belief in widespread maladaptation does not square with natural selection, which fits organisms to the environment rather than alienates them from it.
Psychosocial Factors in Adaptation to Dentures
Published in Eli Ilana, Oral Psychophysiology, 2020
The issue of the dentist’s authoritarian approach is even more pronounced in a clinical setting where the dentist often takes total responsibility for the correct selection of denture set-up for the patient. It was shown that discrepancies exist between the patient’s preference as to the denture appearance and that of the dentist.10,12 Ignoring the patient’s preferences and dealing with the situation in an authoritative manner increases the danger of maladaptation.
An Investigation of the Nature of the Menopausal Experience: Attitude Toward Menopause, Recent Life Change, Coping Method, and Number and Frequency of Symptoms in Menopausal Women
Published in Diana L. Taylor, Nancy F. Woods, Menstruation, Health, and Illness, 2019
The investigation began by asking to what extent does the menopausal woman share the view of the menopause as a loss, and how does this influence the experience of menopausal symptoms? Lazarus’s framework of stress and adaptation was chosen to provide a theoretical base from which to consider the dynamics of the menopause as a multifocal event within the life cycle (Lazarus, 1980; Lazarus, Cohen, Folkman, Kanner, & Schaefer, 1980). Lazarus defines stress as a potentially damaging or challenging encounter with the environment and defines adaptation as successful coping with this encounter. The process by which stress leads to coping and adaptation involves several parts: mediating cognitive appraisal (primary and secondary), emotional response, and coping (Lazarus, 1980). Primary cognitive appraisal occurs initially as the individual perceives an event as either a loss, a threatened loss, or a challenge. According to Lazarus, attitude toward a stressful event is defined as the primary cognitive appraisal of threat (Lazarus, Averill, & Opton, 1974). Concurrent with primary cognitive appraisal are emotional changes (positive or negative). Coping is the “action” taken and is based on the entire cognitive appraisal and concurrent emotional changes, as well as feedback about the success of coping with events in the past. Adaptation is successful coping; maladaptation may be measured by the number and frequency of symptoms experienced by the individual (Lazarus, 1971).
Teachers’ adjustment to work: Effects of organizational justice and teacher resilience via psychological need satisfaction
Published in Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 2023
Pascale Desrumaux, Eric Dose, Sylvie Condette, Naouële Bouterfas
According to Dawis and Lofquist (1984) and Dawis (2005), the psychological theory of work adjustment refers to relationships between satisfaction, needs, the work environment, and the employees. Psychological adjustment refers to two opposing and complementary processes: adaptation and maladaptation. Adaptation to work corresponds to the set of behaviors that are appropriate to the performance of the activity, whereas maladaptation refers to inappropriate behaviors in a work situation (Brien, Lapointe, Gilbert, Brunet, & Savoie, 2008). Adaptation is the implementation of cognitive and behavioral efforts to cope with situations and requirements that are demanding or that exceed the person’s resources (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984). Maladaptation is a combination of different inappropriate behaviors: fighting, fleeing and freezing (Cannon, 1929; Gray, 2003).
Declaring an End to the Pandemic: What Are the Issues?
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2022
Maladaptation is the polar opposite of adaptation. Maladaptation is usually understood as a failure in adaptation. It is customarily described as change that, in one way or another, worsens existing and/or future conditions for individuals/civil society/corporations/governments and/or the environment (Corpuz, 2021). It is a condition in which biological traits or behavior patterns are detrimental, counterproductive, or ineffective in coping with the challenges and stresses of daily life. With a deadly virus, maladaptation can and does lead to death. Nearly 1 million Americans have died from COVID-19 (Abcarian, 2022). Globally, more than 6 million have died. Millions upon millions more have been infected, and many have fallen terribly ill, with lasting consequences that have yet to be fully understood. Another kind of change has been the strident clashes that have occurred when vaccinations and the wearing of masks became politicized. The public spiritedness we believed to be an American virtue was revealed as little more than a myth (Abcarian, 2022). Along with a new lexicon (social distancing, flatten the curve), we have witnessed racist rhetoric about China and the source of the virus which unleashed a wave of violence against Asian immigrants and Americans of Asian descent that continues to this day. Anti-mask Americans demanded their right to bare their faces in grocery stores, restaurants, and airplanes and confronted people who were wearing masks in public places. They accused school boards that imposed mask mandates of child abuse. These examples are evidence of dangerous maladaptation.
Reevaluating clinical assessment outcomes after unrestricted return to play following sport-related concussion
Published in Brain Injury, 2021
Xavier D. Thompson, Nicholas K. Erdman, Samuel R. Walton, Donna K. Broshek, Jacob E. Resch
Varying reports of persistent deficits in neurocognitive function and postural stability have been reported in collegiate and professional athletes following SRCs. In retrospective studies of retired football players, those with a history of concussion were found to have increased risk of atrophy of the hippocampus, mild cognitive impairment, depression and poorer self-reported health compared to comparison groups (5,7). Limitations of previous research include comparison to population norms or comparison groups rather than follow-up assessments compared to pre-injury baselines. Our study sought to account for these limitations by completing data collection in collegiate athletes with previously obtained baseline data in order to have them act as their own control participants. This makes it more likely that we observed changes in the sample relative to pathology rather than retrospectively comparing groups that may have been different at baseline. Studies of this nature also regularly assess for maladaptation multiple years following injury. Following SRC, each student-athlete underwent a post-injury assessment upon reporting symptom free and a new baseline prior to their next competitive season which served as a longer-term follow-up. Our data suggest that performance by collegiate athletes on a multidimensional assessment battery following a diagnosed SRC at the previously described time points did not significantly vary from their baseline performance.