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Chronic Leukemias
Published in Harold R. Schumacher, William A. Rock, Sanford A. Stass, Handbook of Hematologic Pathology, 2019
Scott J. Graham, James D. Cotelingam
Bone marrow biopsy material demonstrates hypercellularity with granulocytic predominance and occasional early reticulum fibrosis. Megakaryocyte abutment and exaggerated nuclear lobation is generally not observed.
Respiratory System
Published in Pritam S. Sahota, James A. Popp, Jerry F. Hardisty, Chirukandath Gopinath, Page R. Bouchard, Toxicologic Pathology, 2018
Tom P. McKevitt, David J. Lewis
Striking anatomical differences are seen in lung lobation in laboratory species. The greatest degree of lobe separation is seen in nonhuman primates, where (as in humans) there is separation into six lobes, which in laboratory species are referred to as left cranial (subdivided into cranial and caudal segments) and left caudal; and right cranial, middle, caudal, and accessory lobes. In contrast, the left lungs of small laboratory mammals such as mice, rats, hamster, and gerbils are not divided, whereas those from larger mammals such as guinea pigs and rabbits are. In pigs, the right cranial lobe is supplied by a tracheal bronchus (Tyler 1983).
Acute Myeloid Leukemia without Specific Genetic Changes
Published in Wojciech Gorczyca, Atlas of Differential Diagnosis in Neoplastic Hematopathology, 2014
The blood and BM findings in erythroid leukemias are variable, depending on the degree of erythroid proliferation, maturation, dyserythropoiesis, and proportion of myeloblasts. The erythroid precursors predominate, comprising at least >50% of all cells. They are dysplastic with large nuclei and an abundant basophilic cytoplasm with vacuoles (Figure 35.16). Cytoplasmic pseudopods, similar to those of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, may be present. Nuclei are round or irregular with lobation and multinucleation and prominent megaloblastoid chromatin. Ring sideroblasts are often present on iron preparations (Figure 35.17). Megakaryocytes also display dysplastic features in most cases. Myeloblasts comprise from 4% to 19% of all nucleated cells (median 12%) and 20%–58% of nonerythroid cells (median 32%) [7]. The BM core biopsy is hypercellular with a predominance of erythroid precursors (Figures 35.18 through 35.20).
Heterotaxy Syndrome with Increased Nuchal Translucency and Normal Karyotype Associated with Complex Systemic Venous Return. Ultrasound Diagnosis with Autopsy Correlation
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2022
Gabriele Tonni, Maria Paola Bonasoni, Gianpaolo Grisolia, Maria Bellotti, Edward Araujo Júnior
Fetal pathology should be performed according to the principles of sequential segmental analysis of the heart [41–43]. Autopsy provides additional findings not easily accessible prenatally by ultrasound such as lung lobation, bronchial branching, and spleen status (shape and number of splenules, location and relation to the dorsal mesogastrium) [44,45]. Ultrasound cardiovascular anomalies must be confirmed at autopsy, especially if they represent isolated findings and have been the main reason of legal TOP [46]. Fetal autopsy is the gold standard to confirm malformations detected prenatally, reassuring the parents for their difficult decision, easing their grief as well as providing more information for genetic counseling and risk of recurrence [47,48].