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The Role of Flaxseed Micronutrients and Nitric Oxide (NO) in Blood Vessel and Heart Function
Published in Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton, Flaxseed, 2023
Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton
The website of the Institut de Montreal features an article titled “The Positive Effects of Flaxseed on Cardiovascular Health.” The author, Martin Juneau, MD, reports that an average daily intake of 2.2 g of linolenic acid is recommended. This corresponds to one spoon (15 mL) of flaxseed. One needs to grind the seeds to increase absorption of omega-3 fatty acids and allow lignans to transform into active phytoestrogens by intestinal bacteria. However, omega-3 fatty acids are very fragile and sensitive to degradation. Therefore, one should buy whole seeds that can be ground when needed in a simple seed grinder and store the ground seeds in an airtight container in the refrigerator for at least two weeks. He further tells us that the ground seeds have a slightly nutty flavor that goes well with cereals, yogurts and smoothies and can even be used as a salad topping. (12)
Coronary Heart Disease/Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)/Ischemic Heart Disease/Coronary Atherosclerosis
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
EPA/DHA: Epidemiological studies and dietary trials in humans suggest that alpha-linolenic acid (EPA/DHA) is a major cardio-protective nutrient.7 High dietary intake of alpha-linolenic acid reduced the amount of “plaque” in arteries serving the heart.8 Increased intake of N-3 fatty acids in fish oils or alpha-linolenic acid (e.g., 1.5 gm/day) was associated with anti-arrhythmic activity, decreased platelet aggregation, slowed atherosclerotic progression, and decreased rates of sudden death in patients with known coronary artery disease.9,10
The dietary requirements of infants
Published in Claire Tuck, Complementary Feeding, 2022
The 18-carbon chain polyunsaturated fatty acids linoleic acid (omega-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (omega-3) are essential fatty acids, in that they cannot be synthesised by the body and must be obtained from the diet. Linoleic acid can be obtained from many plant, seed and nut oils such as corn, soybean, sesame and sunflower, while alpha-linolenic acid can be obtained from soybeans, walnuts, wheatgerm, rapeseed oil, linseeds and their oils. The longer carbon chain omega-3s, eicosapentaenoic acid (20 carbons) and docosahexaenoic acid (22 carbons), found in fatty fish and shellfish (such as herring, fresh tuna, salmon and mackerel) are seen as conditionally essential, since they can only be formed to a limited extent in the body from alpha-linolenic acid.63 Docosahexaenoic acid is important in the development of the brain and retina, and together with eicosapentaenoic acid, is important in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.63
Chemical composition and insecticidal activities of the essential oils and various extracts of two Thymus species: Thymus cariensis and Thymus cilicicus
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Selçuk Küçükaydın, Gülsen Tel-Çayan, Mehmet Emin Duru, Memiş Kesdek, Mehmet Öztürk
Linolenic and linoleic acids are defined as essential fatty acids implicated in human health promotion. Linolenic acid has been identified that as a potential nutraceutical to protect the brain from stroke, characterized by its pleiotropic effects in neuroprotection, neuroplasticity, and vasodilation of brain arteries (Blondeau 2015). In different studies, the highest amount of linolenic acid was detected in T. capitatus (29.6%), T. zygis (15.6%), T. pulegioides (27.6%), and T. fragrantissimus (36.2%), T. vulgaris (44.4%), T. kotschyanus var. glabrescens (53.5%), T. kotschyanus var. kotschyanus (44.6%), T. hausknechtii (46.8%), T. pubescens var. pubescens (40.7%), T. fallax (42.9%) (Tulukcu 2011, Tabti et al.2015, Afonso et al.2018, Cacan et al.2018). The obtained results are full agreement with other Thymus species.
Circulating fatty acids in patients with head and neck cancer after treatment: an explorative study with a one-year perspective
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2021
Constantina Nadia Christou, Ylva Tiblom Ehrsson, Erik Lampa, Ulf Risérus, Göran Laurell
FA 14:0 (myristic acid) is a saturated long-chain FA with a 14-carbon backbone. Myristic acid is found naturally in dairy fat, a major source in the Swedish population, but also in tropical oils including palm oil and coconut oil. FA 14:0 is reported to represent an average of 11% of the dairy intake of FAs and is well known to increase total cholesterol, especially low-density lipoproteins, in the blood [9]. In addition, under lipogenic conditions FA 14:0 may also be produced de novo in parallel with FA 16:0 [10]. FA 18:3n-3 (linolenic acid) is an essential omega-3 FA found exclusively in plant oils, such as rapeseed oil, but it can be converted to very long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) that are found in seafood. Notably, despite being an essential FA, 18:3n-3 as assessed in serum cholesterol esters does not appear to be a reliable biomarker of self-reported dietary intake [11]. FA 20:3n-6 (dimoho-γ-linolenic acid) is a polyunsaturated omega-6 FA that is produced in the body by elongation and desaturation of FA 18:2n-6 (linoleic acid). Linolenic acid and linoleic acid are the two essential FAs for humans that must be obtained through the diet.
Nutrient and Food Intake of Participants in a Whole-Food Plant-Based Lifestyle Program
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2021
Boštjan Jakše, Barbara Jakše, Stanislav Pinter, Jernej Pajek, Uroš Godnov, Nataša Fidler Mis
Fat intake was low according to D-A-CH because it contributed 20% and 21% of the energy in females and males (p = 0.252, vs the recommended 30%). The fat intake had an appropriate composition: very low intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA; 3% in both sexes vs the recommended ≤ 10%), low intake of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA; 5% and 6% in both sexes vs the recommended ≥ 10%), and an appropriate intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (9% in both sexes vs the recommended 7%–10%). Intakes of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid were both much above the recommended levels. Females had significantly higher intake of EPA and DHA compared with males. Both sexes consumed sufficient amounts of EPA and DHA (> 250 mg [EPA plus DHA]/d) (52). The intake of cholesterol was very low in both sexes (7 and 8 mg/d in females and males vs the recommended < 300 mg/d).