China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Natural Variability of Essential Oil Components
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Looking for the background of biological variations of the essential oil spectrum, we have to add that synthesis of the volatile compounds is only one side. It cannot be excluded either that the biosynthesized components are specifically translocated and/or further metabolized in the cells. The best documented example for this complex compartmentation system seems to be the formation of different monoterpenic compounds of peppermint oil. Labelling studies revealed that geranyl diphosphate synthase is localized in the leucoplasts, (−)-limonene-6-hydroxylase is associated with the endoplasmic reticulum, (−)-trans-isopiperitenol dehydrogenase is found in the mitochondria and (+)-pulegone reductase in the cytoplasm. Thus, a well-formed subcellular compartmentation and translocation mechanism is needed in fulfilling the total biosynthetic chain. Besides, an active transport is supposed in carrying the produced components from the secretory cells into the subcuticular oil storage cavity of the peltate grandular trichomes (Kutchan, 2005). Recently, it was found that beside the linalool synthase (LinS) gene (responsible for the production of monoterpene linalool), a sesquiterpene synthase gene (cadinene synthase, CadS) was the most abundant transcript in the glandular trichomes of lavender flowers (Lane et al., 2010). This surprising result indicated that precursor supply may represent a bottleneck in the biosynthesis of sesquiterpenes in lavender flowers. Similar situations may be widespread in volatile producing plants and desire a lot of attention.
Chloroplast DNA and Phylogenetic Relationships
Published in S. K. Dutta, DNA Systematics, 2019
The reader should consult several recent reviews9–13 for details beyond this brief summary and for references pertinent to the following facts and conclusions. Chloroplasts of land plant cells and of unicellular eukaryotic algae contain multiple (10 to 200) copies of a circular molecule ranging in size between 83 and 200 kb. Leaf cells, both light-grown and dark-grown, generally contain 10 to 20 times more plastid DNA than do nonleaf cells. However, the number of copies of the plastid genome per cell is remarkably constant over a wide range of leaf and leaf cell sizes. The increase in chloroplast number per cell observed during leaf expansion is therefore accompanied by a dilution of chloroplast genomes per chloroplast. Although the number of copies of the plastid genome, as well as its expression, vary with the developmental stage and differentiation of the plastid, the genome itself appears to be identical in organization and sequence in chloroplast, etioplast, proplastid, chromoplast, and leucoplast.
Scope of Non-Invasive Surgery of Shushrut in the Present Era with Special Reference to Keloids
Published in Anne George, Oluwatobi Samuel Oluwafemi, Blessy Joseph, Sabu Thomas, Sebastian Mathew, V. Raji, Holistic Healthcare, 2017
This technique, since being in preliminary stage has been applied on only polypus keloid bearing body, fundus, and neck. For this purpose a cotton thread has been used having hard core but outer soft and cushioned so that it may not injure the tissues in contact. The thickness of the thread was 0.5 mm. The thread has been applied on the neck of the keloid with pressure gradient technique using slip loose knot method to the extent before feeling of the pain. Every third day, pressure on the neck of the keloid was increased but before complaints of the pain. The pressure gradient was used gradually in increasing fashion till the keloid shed off. The leucoplast was applied over the keloid so that pendulous hanging of the growth may not cause pain and damage to the surrounding tissue.
The Combination Effects of Resveratrol and Swimming HIIT Exercise on Novel Object Recognition and Open-field Tasks in Aged Rats
Published in Experimental Aging Research, 2020
Fatemeh Amirazodi, Amin Mehrabi, Maryam Amirazodi, Shahrnaz Parsania, Mohammad Amin Rajizadeh, Khadijeh Esmaeilpour
Rats were exercised by swimming as described by Terada et al. (2001a). The HIIT consisted of 14 bouts of 20-sec swimming periods, each followed by a 10-sec rest. This protocol was administered three times a week on alternating days. The swimming tank consisted of a black circular pool (160 cm diameter and 80 cm height) filled with water maintained at room temperature to a depth of 40 cm. The initial load (The load meant a weight attached to the tail of the animals by leucoplast) was 9% of the body weight, which was incrementally increased by 1% of the body weight each week. Weight was chosen for each rat according to the weight of the rat. The sedentary control (aged rats without training) and Y (young rats without training) groups were untrained. Training adaptation was evaluated at the end of the sixth week when the controls and HIIT rats were assessed in an acute test of swimming endurance in which a load of 14% of the body weight was applied (Ramos-Filho et al., 2015a). On each trial, the rats were released into the water slowly and facing the wall of the tank, and after 20 s, the rats were slowly extracted from the water by the experimenter. During 10-s resting interval, the rats were allowed to remain in an animal cage for 10 s, and they were dried by towels and then after resting the next trial was started.
Lymphangioma circumscriptum treated with combination of Bleomycin sclerotherapy and Radiofrequency ablation
Published in Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2018
Ananta Khurana, Aastha Gupta, Arvind Ahuja, Kabir Sardana, Purnima Malhotra
Bleomycin was injected at a concentration of 3 U/ml after giving local anesthesia with epinephrine with adrenaline. It was injected with a 26 G needle, with multiple injections given throughout the area being treated and slightly beyond the visible margins. The injections were largely aimed at the lymphatic channels in the papillary dermis. We noticed popping out of small vesicles while injecting at many sites, confirming the delivery into the target lymphatics. About 10–15 units of bleomycin were utilized at each sitting. RFA (with Surgitron FFPF EMC Radiofrequency ablator; Ellman International, Inc., Oceanside, NY) was performed in cut and coagulation mode, at a setting of 2 W after an interval of 5 min, following thorough cleaning of the site with betadine solution and isopropyl alcohol. The end point of ablation was oozing of blood uniformly covering the treated surface. Antibiotic cream was applied and the site was covered with sterile gauze and taped with leucoplast. Patient was asked to report after 48 h, or earlier in case of heavy soaking. The patient had pain at the site on the days of procedure, which improved with tablet ibuprofen. The dressing was changed at 48 h. Erythema of the treated area and serosanguinous discharge was noticed at all three occasions. But there were no signs of active infection at any instance and oral antibiotics were not prescribed at any time. Subsequently patient was advised to apply antibiotic cream and gauze dressing at home till complete healing occurred, which took about 7–10 days.
Infrared thermography reveals effect of working posture on skin temperature in office workers
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2018
Roope Lasanen, Markus K.H. Malo, Olavi Airaksinen, Jari Karhu, Juha Töyräs, Petro Julkunen
sEMG was recorded with the ME6000 system (Mega Electronics, Finland). Eight Ag/AgCl (CDES000024, diameter = 24 mm; Spes Medical, Italy) electrode pairs were used and sEMG was recorded with a 1-kHz sampling rate. Before installing the electrodes, the skin was gently rubbed and cleaned with an ethanol-soaked cotton pad. Medical-grade tape (Leukoplast; BSN Medical, Germany) was used to ensure that the electrodes remained in place throughout the full measuring period. The sEMG electrodes were placed as illustrated in Figure 2. sEMG was recorded from the splenius (C3/C4 level), trapezius (upper fibers) and rhomboids (T4/T5 level). sEMG was performed while the participants performed their normal working day routine/activities (at least 5 h) and the sEMG electrodes were removed during the last hours of the working day.