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Resuscitation Physiology
Published in Kenneth D Boffard, Manual of Definitive Surgical Trauma Care: Incorporating Definitive Anaesthetic Trauma Care, 2019
These compounds, derived from eicosapolyenoic fatty acids, are subdivided into prostanoids (the precursors of the prostaglandins), and leucotrienes (LT). Eicosanoids are synthesized from arachidonic acid (AA), which has been synthesized from phospholipids of cell walls, by the action of phospholipase A2 (in part, released by activated neutrophils). Cyclo-oxygenase converts arachidonic acid to prostanoids, the precursors of prostaglandins (PG), prostacyclins (PGI), and thromboxanes (TX). The term prostaglandins is used loosely to include all prostanoids. The leucotrienes are produced by the action of 5-lipoxygenase on AA with subsequent by-products produced by LTA4 hydrolase (i.e. LTB4 and LTC4 synthase). Eicosanoids modulate blood flow to organs and tissues by altering local balances between vasodilators and vasoconstricting mediators, and, in addition, directly stimulate certain immune cells.
Ketoprofen hypersensibility and idiosyncratic response – a case report
Published in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 2020
Marcio Antonio Rodrigues Araujo
The mechanisms involved in these hypersensitivity reactions have not been fully elucidated. There may be variations according to the administered drug and the individual response of each. Facial angioedema is the most frequent clinical manifestation [16] and it has been associated with A444-C allele of LTC4 synthase [17], a protein involved the production of leukotrienes. Other reactions suggest immediate-type responses, mediated by IgE, produced in the skin, in the respiratory tract and in the cardiovascular system, but also delayed responses, such as contact dermatitis, erythema multiforme, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome [18].