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Diseases of the Aorta
Published in Mary N. Sheppard, Practical Cardiovascular Pathology, 2022
This is divided into aortitis with giant cells as defined as patchy/multifocal chronic inflammation with pale epithelioid cells or multinucleated giant cells palisading around hypereosinophilic foci of acellular laminar medial collapse with extension of vasa vasorum into the inner media, intimal fibrosis and adventitial fibrosis ± chronic inflammation (Figs. 8.17a–c). This is considered florid/active where the medial inflammation is extensive and there are foci of karyorrhexis with neutrophils within the inflammatory infiltrate. It is considered burnt-out when there is destruction of the wall with little residual media and replacement by fibrosis with minimal inflammation and a rare single giant cell found on multiple level sections or epithelioid cells.3
The Injured Cell
Published in Jeremy R. Jass, Understanding Pathology, 2020
Histological examination of well-developed coagulative necrosis reveals the tissue structure in ghostly outline. The cell cytoplasm persists and is stained deeply with eosin. This is due partly to the rapid degradation of basophilic RNA and partly to an increased affinity for eosin. The nuclei disappear. Prior to their disappearance, the nuclei may be fragmented (karyorrhexis), shrunken and darkly staining (pyknosis) or may simply dissolve (karyolysis) (Fig. 6). Since necrosis is occurring in a living organism, there will be an inflammatory reaction culminating in the removal of the dead tissue by a process called organisation.
The Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas and Plasma Cell Dyscrasias
Published in Harold R. Schumacher, William A. Rock, Sanford A. Stass, Handbook of Hematologic Pathology, 2019
Lynne V. Abruzzo, L. Jeffrey Medeiros
On microscopic examination, the intestine that is not involved by neoplasm may or may not show features of celiac disease. The neoplastic cells are found at the base of the ulcers and within the lamina propria and submucosa. The growth pattern is diffuse. The neoplastic cells are a mixture of small, medium, and large lymphoid cells that may have clear cytoplasm. Karyorrhexis may be prominent and mitotic figures may be numerous.
Improved spinal cord gray matter morphology induced by Spirulina platensis following spinal cord injury in rat models
Published in Ultrastructural Pathology, 2020
Dauda Abdullahi, Azlina Ahmad Annuar, Junedah Sanusi
Ultrastructural SCI quantitative evaluation grading reveals that there is significant difference in the pathologic profile between the control and S. platensis groups. In this regard, the nucleus of the neurons was graded to determine if there were any signs of karyorrhexis. Changes in the nucleus phenotypes would indicate signs of karyorrhexis. There was a significant difference in the nucleus score between the sham and the trauma groups (1.400 ± 0.327, p < .05), and between the S. platensis and the control groups (1.000 ± 0.327, p < .05). There was no sig diff between the sham and the S. platensis groups (0.400 ± 0.327, p < .05). Figures 4 and 5 show the preservation of the ultrastructure of the nucleus in the rats treated by S. platensis.
Assessment of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of conventional and whitening kinds of toothpaste on oral mucosa cells
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2018
Antonija Tadin, Lidia Gavic, Ana Zeravica, Klara Ugrin, Nada Galic, Davor Zeljezic
The general model of regression has been applied in order to assess the extent of effect on the subjects’ demographic and anamnestic variables (age, gender, physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption, use of medication, X-ray exposure, and dietary habits) on the number of micronuclei, binuclear cells, number of nuclear buds and nucleoplasmic bridges, karyolysis and karyorrhexis and condensation of the chromatin. Results of the analysis are presented in Figures 3 and 4. None of the tested factors were found to exhibit noteworthy influences on the occurrence of karyolysis, pyknosis and karyorrhexis. Recreational physical activity more than three times a week significantly affected micronucleus frequency (p = .041). Regular, everyday fruit consumption also significantly influenced the existence of cells with condensed chromatin (p = .001). Alcohol consumption meaningfully affected the incidence of nuclear buds (p = .005), while smoking showed a statistically substantial connection to the number of nucleoplasmic bridges (p = .027) and binuclear cells (p = .003).
The possible protective role of melatonin versus garlic on monosodium Glutamate-induced changes in rat cerebellar cortex: histological, immunohistochemical and electron microscope study
Published in Ultrastructural Pathology, 2023
Reem Ibrahim Abd El-Hay, Shireen A Mazroa, E El-Mohandes, Moustafa Am
The electron microscopic examination of the cerebellar cortex confirmed the neurotoxic effects of the MSG in group ІІ. Ultrastructural changes were seen in the Purkinje cells and granular cells in the form of shrunken cell bodies, shrunken heterochromatic nuclei and irregular nuclear membrane. The cytoplasm of Purkinje cells showed degenerated mitochondria with loss of cristae, many secondary lysosomes were also seen. Some granule cells showed karyorrhexis in their nuclei. Similar results have been reported by other study.29 Moreover, there were wide spaces between granule cells. This was coincided with the result of many authors who explained this by the shrinkage and loss of the granule cells leaving wide spaces.29,30