China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Autoimmune conditions
Published in Ibrahim Natalwala, Ammar Natalwala, E Glucksman, MCQs in Neurology and Neurosurgery for Medical Students, 2022
Ibrahim Natalwala, Ammar Natalwala, E Glucksman
With regard to myasthenia gravis (MG), which of the following statements are true and which are false? It is a heterogeneous immunological disease.It is characterised clinically by the presence of ptosis, muscle weakness that improves with increased activity and worsens with rest and fatigue.LEMS is caused by antibodies binding to voltage-gated calcium ion channels in the presynaptic membrane.Plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin G should be the first line of treatment in patients with MG.It is essential to check the thymus in a patient presenting with MG.
Gastrointestinal Diseases
Published in Miriam Orcutt, Clare Shortall, Sarah Walpole, Aula Abbara, Sylvia Garry, Rita Issa, Alimuddin Zumla, Ibrahim Abubakar, Handbook of Refugee Health, 2021
Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody tests are widely available; they do not identify active infection but have a good negative predictive value. They are useful when pretest probability is high, which is often the case in migrant populations. Other options include urea breath, faecal antigen and endoscopic-based tests.1–8
Toxoplasmosis
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Fetal infection is a combination of acute and persistent infection due to relative immune incompetence and reduced passive IgG transfer from the mother. Prior to 30 weeks of gestation, the fetal immune system is of little help; IgM, IgG, and cellular responses are limited and functionally immature (35). For example, in proven cases of in utero infection with toxoplasmosis in the first trimester, funicentesis at 20 to 24 weeks demonstrated four out of nine with toxoplasma-specific IgM (36). Placental transfer of maternal IgG is limited by gestational age and target antigen. Immunoglobulin G transport has been noted by 8 weeks, but remains less than 100mg/dL until 20 weeks. Subsequently, the fetal levels of maternal IgG rise until they are greater than maternal levels.
Lncrna ANGPTL1-3 and its target microRNA-30a exhibit potency as biomarkers for bortezomib response and prognosis in multiple myeloma patients
Published in Hematology, 2022
The MM patients in our study presented with a mean age of 54.5 ± 8.3 years and a median age of 55.0 (48.0–61.0) years (Table 1). The number of males was 35 (59.3%). In addition, the numbers of patients with immunoglobulin subtypes of immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin A, and others were 30 (50.8%), 12 (20.3%), and 17 (28.8%), respectively. 44 (74.6%) patients with the bone lesion and 24 (40.7%) patients with renal impairment. The mean and median Calcium levels were 9.8 ± 2.1 mg/dL and 9.7 (8.5–11.3) mg/dL, respectively. The numbers of patients who had t (4; 14), t (14; 16) and Del (17p) were 7 (11.9%), 3 (5.1%) and 5 (8.5%), respectively. The numbers of patients in DS stage I, II, and III were 0 (0.0%), 6 (10.2%), and 53 (89.8%), respectively. The numbers of patients in ISS stage I, II, and III were 6 (10.2%), 24 (40.7%), and 29 (49.2%), respectively. Besides, there were 3 (5.1%) patients in R-ISS stage I, 29 (49.2%) patients in R-ISS stage II, and 27 (45.8%) in R-ISS stage III, respectively. The information on other baseline characteristics was listed in Table 1.
Efficacy of an anti-TNF-alpha agent in refractory livedoid vasculopathy: a retrospective analysis
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Demographic data and laboratory findings of the five patients are shown in Table 2. We included one male and four female patients. The mean age of the patients was 29 years (range: 16–48 years) and the median duration of livedoid vasculopathy was 7.2 years (range: 4–9 years). The skin lesions were located on both ankles and the dorsum of the feet in all of the patients. Among the patients, four had severe pain, three of whom had conscious exacerbation in summer and one developed skin lesions after fatigue. Abnormalities in laboratory findings mainly focused on examinations related to coagulation function, such as protein C, protein S, and the activated partial thromboplastin time. Mildly elevated immunoglobulin G levels were detected in one patient. On histology, endothelial proliferation, intraluminal thrombosis, extravasation of red blood cells from vessel walls and few perivascular lymphocytes infiltration were found in histopathological manifestations. Signs of leukocytoclastic vasculitis and nuclear dust were absent (Figures 1 and 2).
Matching-adjusted indirect comparison of pneumococcal vaccines V114 and PCV20
Published in Expert Review of Vaccines, 2022
Shahrul Mt-Isa, Lauren A. Abderhalden, Luwy Musey, Thomas Weiss
All four clinical studies had serotype-specific opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) geometric mean titers (GMTs) measured at approximately 1 month post-vaccination as the primary immunogenicity endpoint. OPA is considered a measure of functional activity of anti-pneumococcal antibodies, as protection against pneumococcal infection is primarily mediated by opsonin-dependent phagocytosis and may be the best in vitro correlate of protection [28,29]. Whether this translates to better protection in clinical practice is yet to be determined. Previous findings have been unable to demonstrate a correlation between immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels (as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays) and clinical protection [30]. OPA assays carried out at BioA (Richmond, VA, USA) may have differed slightly across the three studies; however, previous studies have demonstrated concordance in OPA performance across assays from different laboratories [31]. Therefore, indirect comparisons of OPA GMTs were feasible. Conversely, because data collection windows, types of adverse events assessed, and the proportion of adverse events reported in the comparator arm differed substantially between the PCV20 and V114 studies, comparability of safety and tolerability outcomes was limited.