China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Patient assessment
Published in Michael Parker, Charlie James, Fundamentals for Cosmetic Practice, 2022
Filaggrin is a fascinating protein, which not only helps in regulating homeostasis and terminal differentiation of corneocytes but also aids in barrier formation, helps retain water within the epidermis and helps maintain a normal skin pH. Should filaggrin not function correctly, then the normal protective epidermal barrier can become inflamed and break down due to either a direct failure of the barrier itself or through the effects of pH imbalance or dehydration. The resultant inflammation it itchy, and this almost inevitably results in further barrier degradation due to patients inadvertently scratching afflicted areas. Breaks in the skin barrier expose the more delicate deep epidermis and dermis to irritants and opportunistic microbes, further potentiating the inflammatory response. It is hypothesised that allergens which manage to penetrate the damaged skin barrier can trigger an immunoglobulin E (IgE)–mediated allergic response, not only potentiating the localised inflammation but also propelling the development of other atopic sequelae such as asthma and hay fever.
Fenugreek in Management of Immunological, Infectious, and Malignant Disorders
Published in Dilip Ghosh, Prasad Thakurdesai, Fenugreek, 2022
Rohini Pujari, Prasad Thakurdesai
During another study, fenugreek-fed mice were reported to be inhibiting the production of allergen-specific cytokine response, airway inflammation, and lung pathology in OVA-induced allergic hyperresponsiveness in BALB/c mice (Piao et al. 2017). In this study, allergic asthma was initiated in BALB/c mice by sensitizing them with OVA emulsified in aluminum on days 1 and 14, then aerosol challenged with OVA on days 27, 28, and 29. Fenugreek treatment before the OVA challenge significantly alleviated the number of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), ameliorated lung inflammation, reduced the goblet cells and collagen deposition, down-regulated the expression of Th2 cytokines, and enhanced Th1 cytokines (inflammatory mediators in asthma) in lung homogenates and BALF and inhibited serum IgE and anti-OVA IgG (Piao et al. 2017). Cytokines and immunoglobulin E (IgE) play a crucial role in orchestrating the chronic inflammation, structural changes of the respiratory tract in both asthma and COPD, and type 1 hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis) and become essential targets for the development of new therapeutic strategies in these diseases (Barnes 2008; Platts-Mills 2001). The reported efficacy of fenugreek in this study suggests the excellent potential for additional management options for chronic allergic inflammatory diseases (Piao et al. 2017).
Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Inhalation Lung Toxicity
Published in Jacob Loke, Pathophysiology and Treatment of Inhalation Injuries, 2020
K. Randall Young, Herbert Y. Reynolds
Immunoglobulin E is detectable in very minute amounts in the BAL of some normal individuals (Merrill et al., 1980b), and sensitive assays can quantitate small amounts of IgM in some samples of normal BAL. Reynolds and colleagues (1977) noted that elevated values of BAL IgM could be measured in individuals with hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
A focused report on progestogen hypersensitivity
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2023
Diti H. Patel, Lauren M. Fine, Jonathan A. Bernstein
Recently, the concept of ‘autoallergy’ has been defined as the occurrence of autoimmunity mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) autoantibodies. There is now mounting evidence that many autoimmune disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus, bullous pemphigoid (BP), and chronic urticaria, are in part mediated by IgE autoantibodies. For example, both the IgE autoantibodies and their targets, the transmembrane protein BP180 and intracellular protein BP230, have been identified for bullous pemphigoid. Similarly, anti-IgE antibodies against IL-24 have been identified as chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). Whether progesterone hypersensitivity mediated by IgE-specific antibodies is a manifestation of autoallergy inn patients presenting with CSU will require further investigation [16,17].
Safety and tolerability of spesolimab in patients with ulcerative colitis
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2023
Marc Ferrante, Peter M Irving, Christian P Selinger, Geert D’Haens, Tanja Kuehbacher, Ursula Seidler, Savion Gropper, Thomas Haeufel, Sebastiano Forgia, Silvio Danese, Jochen Klaus, Brian G. Feagan
In Study 1, an infusion-related reaction, assessed as drug-related by the investigator, was reported for one patient (4.3%) in the placebo group and one (1.4%) in the spesolimab group. Of note, the patient randomized to the spesolimab group received the planned 300 mg IV single dose on Day 1, with no AE reported during that dose or before the next administration. As planned, the second administration on Day 33 was placebo, reflecting the randomized treatment with single-dose spesolimab. The infusion-related reaction started approximately 25 minutes after the start of the placebo infusion. The reaction was reported by the investigator as being life-threatening: the patient experienced swollen lips, chest tightness with difficulty breathing, a decrease in systolic blood pressure (from 110 to 74 mmHg), and blurred vision. No other symptoms were reported. The infusion was stopped, and the patient was treated with an infusion of saline and diphenhydramine. The event resolved within 14 minutes after its onset and 5 minutes after start of the H1 antagonist. Immunoglobulin E levels were within normal range. The study medication was discontinued.
Elevated Serum Immunoglobulin E Levels are Associated with the Severity of Newly Diagnosed, Acute Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada Disease
Published in Current Eye Research, 2022
Huiying Ji, Nan Zhang, Maoli Zhu, Jianhong Dong, Zhijian Jiang
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is an immune antibody class that mediates type I hypersensitivity and immunity to parasites. It mainly binds to polyvalent antigens and cross-links to the surface receptors expressed on mast cells and basophils to promote cellular degranulation and inflammatory responses.6 Permin and Wiik demonstrated that IgE autoantibodies are involved in the composition of immune complexes.7 They also reported that IgE may enhance the deposition of immune complexes by mediating the release of vasoactive amines, leading to increased vascular permeability.7 Recent studies have revealed elevated serum IgE levels and detected the presence of IgE autoantibodies in patients with autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus and bullous pemphigoid.6,8 In a study of patients with various forms of autoimmune uveitis, such as acute iris ciliary inflammation, Eales disease, pars planitis, and multifocal choroiditis, it was found that the serum IgE levels were higher in patients with these disorders than in normal control groups.9,10 To our knowledge, however, no studies have reported whether IgE is associated with VKH disease.