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Orthomolecular Approaches for the Use of Intravenous Vitamin C
Published in Qi Chen, Margreet C.M. Vissers, Cancer and Vitamin C, 2020
Osmolality is another important concern in choosing the carrier fluid and volume for preparing the vitamin C infusion (Table 8.1). A hypotonic solution should never be infused, as it will result in red blood cell hemolysis, and this is basic infusion therapy safety for any type of infusion [87]. Of note, chemotherapeutic IVC administration in our clinical trials used additional magnesium with the IVC because magnesium minimizes venous spasm and irritation. Many other practitioners in private practices outside of research protocols add a variety of other nutrients, including minerals, vitamins, and botanicals. No information is currently available to determine if these are beneficial or not. At this time, historical use and reports of safety guide the practitioner’s decision in the administration of parenteral nutrients. This has led to different groups proposing different methods that border on dogma without proof. Only future research can determine the correct approach and benefit.
Local Anesthetics and Additives
Published in Bernard J. Dalens, Jean-Pierre Monnet, Yves Harmand, Pediatric Regional Anesthesia, 2019
Jean-Pierre Haberer, Bernard Jacques Dalens
Variations in the osmolarity of commercial solutions involve mainly hyperbaric mixtures (suitable only for spinal anesthesia). Variations in the temperature of local anesthetics have virtually no effect on the osmolarity of commercial solutions marketed in the U.S. (Table 3.2) and in France (Table 3.3). The spinal administration of hyperosmotic solutions does not change the potency or the duration of action of local anesthetics. Conversely, hypotonic solutions increase the effects of local anesthetics, and the transmission of nerve impulses is decreased even when the hypotonic solution does not contain local anesthetics (the effect would probably result from the swelling rather than the ionic depletion of neurons).29
The abdomen
Published in Peter Kopelman, Dame Jane Dacre, Handbook of Clinical Skills, 2019
Peter Kopelman, Dame Jane Dacre
Although no glandular secretion occurs in the small and large intestines, there is a rapid exchange of water and electrolytes across parts of the mucosa. Water moves in response to osmotic gradients, a hypertonic solution being rapidly diluted by the movement of water from blood to lumen, and a hypotonic solution being rapidly concentrated by the absorption of water. Sodium is actively absorbed in both the small and large intestine, while potassium is absorbed by the small intestine but secreted by the large intestine. In normal circumstances, albumin leaks into the gut lumen in various secretions such as saliva, gastric juice, succus entericus and bile. The exuded albumin is digested and the nitrogen subsequently absorbed as amino acids. This intestinal loss accounts for approximately 10% of the total albumin catabolism in the normal subject.
Sulfoxaflor insecticide exhibits cytotoxic or genotoxic and apoptotic potential via oxidative stress-associated DNA damage in human blood lymphocytes cell cultures
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2023
Cebrail Sınacı, Ayla Çelik, Derya Yetkin, Sertan Çevik, Gizem Güler
Positive/Negative controls and three different concentrations of Sulfoxaflor insecticide (10µg/mL, 20µg/mL, and 40µg/mL) solutions were prepared for each individual. Phytohemoglutunin was added into each tube. The Mitomycin-C (2μg/mL) solution was added to positive control tubes. Culture tubes were incubated at 37°C for 72h. At the end of the 44th hour, Cytochalazine-B (6μg/mL) was added to all MN tubes. At the end of 72h. of incubation, the tubes were centrifuged at 2000rpm. The hypotonic solution was added to the precipitate. It was kept at room temperature for 5minutes. It was centrifuged at 2000rpm for 10minutes. The supernatant is discarded. The fixative solution was added and centrifuged. This process was repeated at least five times. Finally, the fixative solution was added to the precipitate and spread on slides. MN preparates were stained with Giemsa dye solution (10%). The preparates were examined under a light microscope.
TNB-738, a biparatopic antibody, boosts intracellular NAD+ by inhibiting CD38 ecto-enzyme activity
Published in mAbs, 2022
Harshad S. Ugamraj, Kevin Dang, Laure-Hélène Ouisse, Benjamin Buelow, Eduardo N. Chini, Giulia Castello, James Allison, Starlynn C Clarke, Laura M. Davison, Roland Buelow, Rong Deng, Suhasini Iyer, Ute Schellenberger, Sankar N. Manika, Shipra Bijpuria, Astrid Musnier, Anne Poupon, Maria Cristina Cuturi, Wim van Schooten, Pranjali Dalvi
Healthy volunteers’ blood was collected at the Etablissement Français du Sang (Nantes, France) from healthy donors. Written informed consent was provided according to institutional guidelines. PBMCs were isolated by Ficoll–Paque density-gradient centrifugation (Eurobio, Courtaboeuf, France). Remaining red blood cells and platelets were eliminated with a hypotonic solution. The cells were then washed and counted. 5 × 105 hPBMC were incubated overnight at 37°C without antibodies or with TNB-738 at 5, 1, or 0.1 µg/mL or with anti CD3 (wells were pre-coated with OKT3 anti-CD3 clone at 10 µg/mL) and anti-CD28 (10 µg/mL, in the supernatant). Following incubation, Brefeldin A (Sigma, #B6542) was added for 4 hours, and the cells were subsequently stained with Fixable Viability Dye eFluor 506 (Thermo Fisher, #65-0866-14), anti-hCD3 PeCy7 (BD Biosciences, #557851), anti-hCD4 PercpCy5.5 (BD Biosciences, #552838), anti-CD16 (clone 3G8, labeled in house with Alexa Fluor 488 IgG labeling kit from Thermo Fisher, #A20181), and anti-CD25 APC Cy7 (BD Biosciences, #557753). Cells were fixed and permeabilized (FIX & PERM Cell Fixation & Cell Permeabilization Kit, Thermo Fisher, #88-8824-00) and stained with anti-hFoxP3 PE (BD Biosciences, #12-4776-42) and anti-hIFNγ V450 (BD Biosciences, #560372). Fluorescence was measured using a FACS Verse cytometer with FACSuite Software version 1.0.6; post-acquisition analysis was performed using FlowJo software.
Chronic low dose exposure of hospital workers to ionizing radiation leads to increased micronuclei frequency and reduced antioxidants in their peripheral blood lymphocytes
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2019
Zothan Siama, Mary Zosang-zuali, Annie Vanlalruati, Ganesh Chandra Jagetia, Kham Suan Pau, Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar
The blood samples were collected by venipuncture from each volunteer of both groups in individual sterile heparinized tubes. The lymphocyte culture was carried out according to the method described earlier (Jagetia et al. 2001). Briefly, the blood was allowed to sediment and the buffy coat was collected in individual sterile glass tubes. Usually, 106 nucleated cells were inoculated into sterile glass tubes containing RPMI-1640 medium, 10% fetal calf serum and phytohemagglutinin as the mitogen. The cells were allowed to grow for the next 44 h in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air at 37 °C. Cytochalasin B was added at a final concentration of 5 μg/ml to block cytokinesis and cells were allowed to grow for another 28 h (Fenech and Morley 1985). Cells were harvested at the end of 72 h after initiation of the lymphocyte culture by centrifugation. A mild hypotonic solution was added to the cell pellet so as to retain the cell membrane. Cells were then fixed in freshly prepared Carnoy’s fixative (methanol: acetic acid, 3:1). The cell suspension was placed onto pre-cleaned coded blinded slides to avoid observer`s bias and spread by air blowing. The cells were stained with acridine orange and scored under a fluorescence microscope (DM 2500, Leica Mikrosysteme Vertrieb GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) by two individuals. Usually, a total of 1000 binucleate cells (BNC) with well-preserved cytoplasm were scored from each individual for the presence of micronuclei (MN) according to the criteria described earlier (Fenech et al. 2003).