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The Role of Light and Electromagnetic Fields in Maintaining Vascular Health
Published in Aruna Bakhru, Nutrition and Integrative Medicine, 2018
The gaseous signaling molecules, hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide, are tightly coupled in human physiology. Cystathionine γ lyase (CSE) is a major source of hydrogen sulfide gas through cysteine metabolism. Mice engineered to be deficient in CSE (CSE knockout mice) have reduced levels of sulfide in the blood along with significant increases in oxidative stress [32]. Perhaps surprisingly, they also have reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide associated with impaired eNOS functioning. CSE knockout mice showed a reduction in nitrite levels, attributed to impaired phosphorylation of eNOS, leading to susceptibility to myocardial injury. Thus, hydrogen sulfide gas plays an essential role in promoting the release of nitric oxide, which, as we've seen, will lead to a stripping of the extracellular matrix glycoproteins.
Role of Herbs and Spices in Cardiovascular Health
Published in Catherina Caballero-George, Natural Products and Cardiovascular Health, 2018
Haroon Khan, Ada Popolo, Marya, Luca Rastrelli
For centuries, garlic has been used as food and medicine. The active constituent of garlic is allicin, which shows a variety of pharmacological activities. Other organosulfur compounds stem from the decomposition of allicin produced by chopping garlic and include diallyl trisulfide, diallyl disulfide, diallyl sulfide, ajoene and dithins I (Figure 8.2). Several studies suggest that regular use of garlic prevents various cardiovascular disorders. In fact, garlic effectively reduces the risk of stroke and heart attack by lowering total and LDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerol (Warshafsky et al., 1993), and exhibits cardioprotective properties against cardiotoxicity, arrhythmia, hypertrophy, ischemia-reperfusion injury, cardiac and mitochondrial dysfunction and myocardial infarction (Khatua et al., 2013; Supakul et al., 2014). Furthermore, garlic contains ajoenes, allyl methyl trisulfide and vinyldithins that increase fibrinolytic activity (Kendler, 1987), reduce serum levels of thromboxane B2 (Ali and Thomson, 1995), inhibit platelet aggregation (Bordia et al., 1977). Allicin from garlic may exhibit an antimyocardial fibrosis effect by downregulation of the TGF β/Smads signal transduction, which ultimately leads to production of adhesion glycoproteins (Li et al., 2016). S-propargyl-cysteine has shown cardioprotection in ischemic heart disease (Wen and Zhu, 2015), while garlic-derived polysulfides may be useful in the treatment of myocardial ischemic disease (Lavu et al., 2011). In fact, Benavides et al. (2007) showed that garlic-derived polysulfides such as diallyl trisulphide (DATS) and diallyl disulfide (DADS) are H2S donors in the presence of thiols and thiol-containing compounds (i.e., glutathione), independent of the H2S-forming enzymes cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST). H2S, much like NO, is an endogenously produced gaseous signaling molecule that plays a critical role in many physiologic processes and has been shown to exert cytoprotective actions in various models of CVD and cardiovascular injury (Kondo et al., 2013).
Amomum subulatum Induces Apoptosis in Tumor Cells and Reduces Tumor Burden in Experimental Animals via Modulating Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines
Published in Cancer Investigation, 2021
Drishya Sudarsanan, Dhanisha Suresh Sulekha, Guruvayoorappan Chandrasekharan
Further, MEAS administration caused reduction of GSH and NO levels in DLA cells and tumor tissue. GSH is a ubiquitous antioxidant required for maintaining cellular redox homeostasis and cancer cells are reported to over express GSH which aid in cancer progression (29). Depletion of intracellular GSH levels can make cells more susceptible to free radicals and induce apoptosis (30). Nitrite and nitrate levels are routinely used as indirect measures of NO levels as the latter is short lived in biological systems and is autoxidized to nitrite and nitrate (31). NO is a multifunctional gaseous signaling molecule and a free radical, which is involved in several pathophysiological processes such as inflammation, tumorigenesis etc (32). Hence, it can be anticipated that elevated levels of GSH and NO have contributed to tumor progression in DLA control group and reduction in their levels in MEAS treated group have favored apoptotic death of DLA cells, thereby mitigating tumor burden. DNA laddering assay further confirmed the potential of MEAS in inducing DLA cell apoptosis.
Hydrogen sulfide: a target to modulate oxidative stress and neuroplasticity for the treatment of pathological anxiety
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2020
Mary Chen, Caroline Pritchard, Diandra Fortune, Priyadurga Kodi, Marco Grados
In the CNS, H2S-facilitated sulfhydration may affect multiple neural pathways. For example, H2S inhibits caspase-3 (apoptosis) activates parkin (proteasomal degradation) and stimulates PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog, a phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase, tumor suppressor) functions [27]. In addition, as a gaseous signaling molecule with the ability to easily cross cell membranes, H2S exerts important CNS actions by (1) influencing the hypoxic ventilatory response [28]; (2) promoting vascular relaxation [29]; (3) inducing long-term potentiation (LTP) and neuroplasticity [25]; (4) regulating intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis in neurons and glial cells [30]; and (5) providing neuroprotection against oxidative stress [31]. Several of these functions will be examined below in relation to pathological anxiety.
Evaluation of the antiparkinsonism and neuroprotective effects of hydrogen sulfide in acute 6-hydroxydopamine-induced animal model of Parkinson’s disease: behavioral, histological and biochemical studies
Published in Neurological Research, 2018
Mohammad Sarukhani, Hashem Haghdoost-Yazdi, Ali Sarbazi Golezari, Arvin Babayan-Tazehkand, Tahere Dargahi, Nafiseh Rastgoo
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a flammable, water-soluble and toxic gas which has been recently recognized as a gaseous signaling molecule alongside nitric oxide and carbon monoxide [5]. H2S is endogenously produced from L-cysteine by through catalytic actions of two enzymes, cystathionine b-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine c-lyase. Hydrogen sulfide involves in several physiological functions such as regulation of vascular tone, control of insulin release, modulation cell proliferation and apoptosis, introducing long-term potentiation (LTP), calcium homeostasis and suppressing oxidative stress [6–13]. Relatively high level of H2S also presents in brain of human, rat, and bovine [9].