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Role of Nanostructures in Inhibition and Treatment of Viral Infections
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials, 2022
Pavani Sanapala, Sudhakar Pola
Ethosomes are lipid multilamellar vesicles made up of ethanol, water, and phospholipids. Due to their capability to blend with skin lipids, ethosomes distribute relevant agents onto the skin more competently than liposomes. Based on the composition of ethanol compounds, ethosomes are categorized into three types, namely: classical, binary, and trans ethosomes. Binary ethosomes are composed of an additional alcohol group, either propylene glycol or isopropyl alcohol to the classical ethosome. Transethosomes are developed by extra compounds that act as an enhancer or an edge activator, besides the fundamental components of classical ethosomes. Of the three groups, classical ethosomes are more likely to penetrate the skin (Abdulbaqi et al. 2016).
Ethosomes: A Novel Carrier for Dermal or Transdermal Drug Delivery
Published in Andreia Ascenso, Sandra Simões, Helena Ribeiro, Carrier-Mediated Dermal Delivery, 2017
Dinesh Kumar Mishra, Neelam Balekar, Vinod Dhote, Pradyumna Kumar Mishra
Current available drug delivery systems lack in achieving all the lofty goals, but sincere attempts have been made to achieve them through novel approaches in drug delivery context. Ethosomes have emerged encompassing various routes of administration, to achieve controlled and targeted drug delivery through the mechanism mentioned above [28]. Encapsulation of the drug in its vesicular structures can be predicted to prolong the existence of the drug in systemic circulation, and reduce the toxicity if a selective uptake can be achieved. It offers numerous advantages over conventional drug delivery systems, as depicted in Fig. 10.5 [17,54].
Development of Ethosome Formulation for Topical Therapeutic Applications
Published in Madhu Gupta, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Vikas Sharma, Nagendra Singh Chauhan, Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Phytoconstituents, 2020
Mansoureh Nazari Vishkaei, Mohamed B. Khadeer Ahamed, Amin Malik Shah Abdul Majid
Ethosome is a stimulating and advanced vesicular delivery system which has emerged in the pharmaceutical technology field recently (Godin et al., 2003). This specialized vesicle provides remarkable structures associated with its ability to penetrate deeply through normal human skin which is related to high flexibility of its vesicle. In fact, ethosome vesicles obtain soft surface area with increased delivery of active agents. It has been shown that the physicochemical characteristics of ethosome vesicles enable them to carry active therapeutic compounds effectively to deeper layers of the skin compared with typical liposomal vesicles (Uchechi et al., 2014). This character is the critical importance of carriers to be designed for topical applications either targeting local or systemic drug absorption. Moreover, ethosome is a specific novel vesicle that provides ideal delivery of both water soluble as well as lipid soluble compounds through the intracellular area (Godin et al., 2003). Such vesicles are able to penetrate antibiotic peptides even which are quite huge sized molecules and normally cannot be absorbed via topical application (Paolino et al., 2005). Ethosomes are composed of different types of phospholipids and also hydroethanolic solution at different concentrations. Potential application of ethosomes for dermal delivery of ammonium glycyrrhizinate was investigated to be helpful as transdermal treatment in various inflammatory skin disorders. Subcutaneous penetration of ethosomal vesicles of glycyrrhizinate was studied in vitro and was compared with non-formulated drugs in different concentrations of hydroethanolic solution (Paolino et al., 2005).
Ethosomes as dermal/transdermal drug delivery systems: applications, preparation and characterization
Published in Journal of Liposome Research, 2023
Atoosa Jafari, Saeid Daneshamouz, Parisa Ghasemiyeh, Soliman Mohammadi-Samani
Based on the different aspects of the ethosomal delivery system, it can be concluded that ethosomes can efficiently overcome the most challenging steps of transdermal drug delivery i.e. passing stratum corneum, entrapment of active components and penetrating into deep layers of skin or into the blood stream in a more superior manner compared to liposomes due to co-presence of ethanol and lipid compounds as vesicular delivery system. Ethosomes generally show suitable release properties, enhanced stability and contribute to a high efficacy for the broad spectrum of drugs and therapeutic purposes from local to systemic delivery of various pharmacologically active ingredients. They are very versatile carriers and easily manufactured and they are promising for delivery of low permeable compounds both for local or transdermal delivery purposes.
Toxicological profile of lipid-based nanostructures: are they considered as completely safe nanocarriers?
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2020
Asaad Azarnezhad, Hadi Samadian, Mehdi Jaymand, Mahsa Sobhani, Amirhossein Ahmadi
It is thought that the first part of the mechanism of penetration is related to the effect of ethanol, in that the interaction of ethanol with lipid intercellular fluid lipids increases and the density of multilayer lipids decreases. The next step of penetration is applied by ethosomal effects, which involves penetrating into the intercellular lipids and opening new pathways due to flexibility and ethosomal fusion with skin lipids. Ethosomal penetration is still not clear, but drug penetration is likely to occur after the two phases (Parashar et al. 2013). The skin permeation and penetration of these elastic vesicles result from a synergic mechanism between the carrier properties and the permeation enhancement ability. Various studies have shown that the skin’s permeability is better by using ethosomes delivery platform. The use of ethosomes as a carrier system for systemic and topical delivery is summarized in Table 1.
Transdermal applications of ethosomes – a detailed review
Published in Journal of Liposome Research, 2019
Nidhi Nainwal, Sunil Jawla, Ranjit Singh, Vikas Anand Saharan
The introduction of ethosomes has opened a new area for successful delivery of drugs with different physicochemical properties across skin for local and systemic effect. Ethosomes are specially tailored lipid vesicles containing high ethanol, which provides better skin permeability than the other lipid vesicles. Ethosomes are easy to prepare, stable, and safe for use. After two decades since their invention, ethosomes have already proven their ability to deliver the therapeutic agents through the skin without any side effects. Incorporation of ethosomes in suitable vehicles such as creams, gels, and patches offers better skin permeability and therapeutic effects. Various ethosomal preparations are currently available in the market. However, more studies are required to enhance stability of ethosomes.