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Fungal Lipids
Published in Rajendra Prasad, Mahmoud A. Ghannoum, Lipids of Pathogenic Fungi, 2017
The fatty acids of fungi are predominantly of carbon chain lengths C16 and C18, with varying degrees of unsaturation, accompanied by smaller amounts of even-numbered carbon chains from 14 to 24 and small amounts of odd-numbered C15-19 fatty acids, sometimes associated with particular substrates. Among yeasts, however, C18:0 generally accounts for less than 10% of total fatty acids and may even be absent, although it reaches levels similar to that of C16:0 in Schizosaccharomyces cerevisiae and around 30% of total fatty acids in Cryptococcus albidus.10 Oleic and linoleic acids are the most widely distributed unsaturated fatty acids while the occurrence of trienoic and other polyenoic fatty acids differs greatly within and among different fungal classes. The degree of saturation of fatty acids varies in growth and reproductive stages, e.g. in Entomophthora obscura, a pathogen of aphids, the degree of unsaturation was low during vegetative growth, decreasing with age of mycelium, but increased as spores matured, when the (uncommon) C19:1 content increased at the expense of C19:0.35 The commonly occurring trienoic fatty acid in fungi is α-linolenic acid (9,12,15-octadecatrienoate) but γ-linolenic acid (6,9,12-octadecatrienoate), first noted in fungi by Shaw,36,37 is the normal 18:3 component of Chytridiomycetes, Oomycetes and Zygomycotina, where it is accompanied in some genera by α-linolenic acid.
Mucormycosis medications: a patent review
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2021
Mohd. Imran, Alshrari A.S., Mohammad Tauseef, Shah Alam Khan, Shuaibu Abdullahi Hudu
Mucormycosis (phycomycosis or zygomycosis) is a noninfectious fungal disease caused by different genera of zygomycetes. The mucormycosis term is widely used because members of the Mucoraceae family cause most of these infections [1]. The Mucoraceae family members are present worldwide and are known to start the decay of organic materials [2]. Rhizopus arrhizus is the most common cause of mucormycosis in humans. Other fungi reported causing mucormycosis to include Mucor sp., Saksenaea sp., Absidia sp., Entomophthora sp., Basidiobolus sp., Conidiobolus sp., Apophysomyces elegans, Cunninghamella bertholletiae, and Rhizomucor pusillus [1,3]. This uncommon infection occurs when a healthy individual’s mouth, nose, eyes, cracked skin and wound come in direct contact with contaminated soil or water. After the illness, the fungi rapidly multiply at the blood vessel walls and stop the tissue/organ’s blood supply. This results in tissue destruction, and if not treated on time, leads to infection of the different parts of the body, followed by death [1–4]. This illness is also termed as ‘Black Death’ and ‘Zombie disease’ in layman’s language. However, these terms are not be used by a responsible individual to avoid misunderstanding between the patient and the public [5].