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Aromatherapy for Pain Relief
Published in Mark V. Boswell, B. Eliot Cole, Weiner's Pain Management, 2005
If the general affective theory of odors is true, a single odor can induce a positive mood in one person and a negative mood in another. This negates the lock and key theory in which odors’ effects are produced outside of conscious awareness. Robin et al. (1999) demonstrated this using eugenol. Eugenol, which is often associated with the smell of dental cement, was rated pleasant by nonfearful dental subjects and unpleasant by fearful subjects (p = 0.036). Changes in subjects’ autonomic nervous system measurements were consistent with their emotional states; 19 subjects were exposed to eugenol while recording six autonomic nervous system parameters, including two electrodermal, two thermovascular, and two cardiorespiratory. The results of 7 subjects with high dental fear were compared with those of 12 without such fear. Those with dental fear had a stronger electrodermal response (p = 0.006), suggesting that eugenol triggered different emotional responses depending on the unpleasantness of the subject’s past dental experiences. Thus, the same odor can have different effects depending on the past experience of the individual (Robin et al., 1998).
THE PROGRESS OF CHINESE MEDICINE IN MAINLAND CHINA
Published in Kevin Chan, Henry Lee, The Way Forward for Chinese Medicine, 2001
Kelvin Chan, Xin-Min Liu, Yong Peng, Pei-Gen Xiao, Wei-Yi Yang
Auricular Acupuncture Stimulates the Sympathetic Nervous System: The stimulation of the auricular sympathetic via the auricular acupunc-ture (AA) point would affect the sympathetic nervous system. Stimulation of the sympathetic AA point significantly decreased the stimulus-evoked electrodermal response (EDR) when compared with an AA stimulation to a non-sympathetic nervous system (placebo) point (Young, et al. 1998).
Physiological Monitoring to Enhance Clinical Hypnosis and Psychotherapy
Published in International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 2020
Changes in electrical resistance and conductivity in the skin are a reliable index of sympathetic nervous arousal. Worry, anxiety, and perceptions of threat increase sympathetic activity, and the electrodermal response provides a rapid warning system for affective responses relevant for psychotherapy and hypnotherapy. The response time for electrodermal activity to respond to a stimulus is approximately 1 to 3 seconds (Braithwaite et al., 2013). Dawson et al. (2017) have described the slowness of EDR, the 1 to 3 second lag, as a disadvantage of using the EDR in research, along with its “non-specificity” – that is, many different factors can cause a similar change in the EDR signal. Nevertheless, in a psychotherapeutic context, a sudden change in the EDR is a useful indication that “something is happening,” and exploration of that moment often can yield therapeutic understanding.
The relationship between sleep and autonomic health
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2020
Michael D. Oliver, Debora R. Baldwin, Subimal Datta
Modal responses of the ANS include cardiovascular, electrodermal, and respiratory changes. In the current study, we examined cardiovascular response via resting heart rate variability (HRV) and electrodermal response utilizing skin conductance (SC) functioning in healthy college students within our laboratory setting. SC provides a unique method for measuring autonomic functioning because alterations in sweating are mediated by cholinergic nerve activity.25 SC responses are associated with increasing stress and anxiety.26–28 In addition, elevated SC responses are associated with enhanced memory consolidation, emotional processing, and attention.29 In a recent study, Liu and colleagues found college students who were sleep deprived displayed increased SC levels following a difficult perceptual task compared to their well-rested counterparts.30 Thus, explorations into SC can provide important information about ANS arousal, specifically in relation to sleep. HRV is defined as the variance between consecutive heartbeats or the RR interval,31 and the parasympathetic/vagal activity is associated with the high-frequency component of HRV.32 Moreover, resting HRV is a biomarker for physical and psychological health.33,34
Contrast in the circadian behaviors of an electrodermal activity and bioimpedance spectroscopy
Published in Chronobiology International, 2018
Jungyoon Kim, Boncho Ku, Jang-Han Bae, Gyu-Cheol Han, Jaeuk U. Kim
There is growing interest in the electrical response of the human body for diagnosis and treatments. In particular, probing the electrical response of the human body is minimally invasive, which makes it important for future applications in medical fields such as home health care, mobile health care and self-care. Probing the electrical response of the human body, such as electrodermal activity (EDA) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), involves exogenous methods, which refers to externally applied electricity. EDA involves the electrical characteristics of the skin. EDA is also known as the galvanic skin response, electrodermal response, skin conductance, etc. To accurately measure the electrical response of the human body, the circadian rhythms of the electrical responses of the human body must be studied.