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Characterization of Phyto-Constituents
Published in Rohit Dutt, Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Vandana Garg, Promising Drug Molecules of Natural Origin, 2020
Himangini, Faizana Fayaz, Anjali
Capillary electrochromatography and CE carry better comprehension with nature and properties of arrangement of natural drugs, particularly when united with the incredible spectrometric detectors (Stuppner et al., 1992; Yang et al., 1995). The hyphenated strategies, for example, CE-DAD, CE-MS, and CE-NMR, have additionally immediately been utilized for the investigation of the samples from natural drugs.
Fingerprinting Techniques for Herbal Drugs Standardization
Published in Ravindra Kumar Pandey, Shiv Shankar Shukla, Amber Vyas, Vishal Jain, Parag Jain, Shailendra Saraf, Fingerprinting Analysis and Quality Control Methods of Herbal Medicines, 2018
Ravindra Kumar Pandey, Shiv Shankar Shukla, Amber Vyas, Vishal Jain, Parag Jain, Shailendra Saraf
In general, CE is a versatile and powerful separation tool with high separation efficiency and selectivity when analyzing mixtures of low-molecular-mass components. However, the fast development in capillary electrophoresis causes improvements of resolution and throughput rather than reproducibility and absolute precision. One successful approach to improve the reproducibility of both mobility and integral data has been based on internal standards. But many papers that were published unfortunately revealed a limited view of the real possibilities of CE in the field of fingerprinting herbal medicines (Liu and Sheu, 1993; Stuppner et al., 1992). CE and capillary electrochromatography approaches contribute to a better understanding of the solution behavior of herbal medicines, especially when additionally combined with the powerful spectrometric detectors (Liu and Sheu, 1992).
Automation, Direct-Sample Analysis, and Microcolumn Liquid Chromatography
Published in Steven H. Y. Wong, Iraving Sunshine, Handbook of Analytical Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Toxicology, 2017
Another major advance is the application of microcolumns for drug analysis. Wong1 previously reviewed the principles of microcolumn chromatography according to Scott.20 Since that review, increasing applications of microcolumns and availability of instrumentation have reaffirmed the potential efficacy of this methodology for toxicology and TDM. As seen in all areas of chromatography and further demonstrated by the concept of unified chromatography recently shown by Schurig et al., a microcolumn was used for the chiral analysis of hexobarbital in gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), and capillary electrochromatography (CEC), with enhanced sensitivity. One of the more practical advantages is the reduced cost associated with reduction in solvent consumption and disposal, but consensus is lacking. However, microcolumns interfaced with mass spectrometry (MS) are being increasingly applied for clinical drug analysis, Heida et al.22,23 The feasibility of applying these three related advances to clinical practice would depend on the clinical demand, and the need, the interest, and the resources of the toxicology laboratory. For that purpose, this chapter would address (1) the current status of automation in LC and the various approaches of DSA, followed by published examples; and (2) the principle of microcolumn chromatography and selected clinical examples for toxicology and TDM.
Development and validation of LC/MS method for the determination of meclizine enantiomers in pharmaceutical formulations
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2021
Gowramma Byran, Senthil Kumar Ramachandran, Kaviarasan Lakshmanan, Kalirajan Rajagopal, Meyyanathan Subramania Nainar
Over the past decades, after the issuance of U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines relating to the study and pharmaceutical development of individual enantiomers [1], the analysis and quantification of chiral drugs has become a necessity. This is due to the different pharmacological or toxicological effects that the two enantiomers of a chiral active pharmaceutical ingredient may have. Whereas one enantiomer can have the desired beneficial properties, the other can have none or the same or even adverse effects [2]. The separation of enantiomers has progressed since the early 1980s from an academic curiosity to an extraordinarily useful collection of related techniques. A great variety of technologies has been used for the separation of enantiomers on an analytical scale, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), thin-layer chromatography (TLC), capillary electrophoresis (CE) and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) [3–5].