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Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Spirituality in Cardiovascular Disease
Published in Stephen T. Sinatra, Mark C. Houston, Nutritional and Integrative Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2022
Erminia Guarneri, Shyamia Stone
Omega-3 fatty acids in concentrations up to 9.6 g/day have been found to reduce symptoms of depression.102,103 It appears that the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) concentration correlates more with mitigation of depression than docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).104 Smaller doses of omega-3 fatty acids do not appear to have the same benefit for depression, but decreased CVD risk has been associated with doses of 3–4 g/day.105,106 Just 2 g/day of omega-3 fatty acids significantly reduced symptoms of anxiety.107 It is important to prescribe high-quality sources of omega-3 fatty acids to ensure they are low in mercury and other toxins. Mercury may exacerbate autonomic nervous system dysfunction,70,108 further contributing to depression, anxiety, and cardiovascular disease.
Psychiatric Disorders in Women
Published in Michelle Tollefson, Nancy Eriksen, Neha Pathak, Improving Women's Health Across the Lifespan, 2021
Gia Merlo, Hanjun Ryu, Ariyaneh Nikbin
While the mechanisms by which reactive oxygen species cause neuronal damage are not well understood, they have been shown to be linked with changes in neuron morphology as well as changes in blood-brain permeability, which lead to neurodegenerative damage and neuron death.32 There are several modifiable factors that can affect inflammatory pathways. For example, obesity causes increased production of leptin and tumor necrosis factor alpha, which are pro-inflammatory compounds.33 Certain foods contain antioxidants that may reduce the amount of reactive oxygen species present in nervous tissues. Other foods may have hormonal or neuromodulating effects. For example, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is a precursor to anti-inflammatory eicosanoids and has been found to modulate neurochemicals in the brain. Supplementation with EPA, a type of omega-3 fatty acid, has been found to be linked with a lower incidence of depression and schizophrenia and has been studied clinically as a potential treatment modality for these psychiatric conditions.34
Disorders in tHemostasis System and Changes in the Rheological Properties of the Blood in Ischemic Heart Disease and Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Published in E.I. Sokolov, Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus, 2020
The level of linolic acid in the thrombocytes of healthy persons is 5.7%, of type I DM patients is 4.9%, and of type II DM patients in 5.49%. Differences were noted in the level of arachidonic acid: in healthy persons it was 19.1%, while in type I and II DM patients its level grew to 27.03 and 26.13%, respectively. The ratio of the unsaturated fatty acids in the thrombocytes also changed. The fraction of eicosapentaenic acid in healthy persons was 0.40%, and in the type I and II DM patients it was 0.62 and 0.81%. The fraction of docosahexaenic acid in the thrombocytes of healthy persons was 2.05%, and in type I and II DM patients was 1.45 and 1.76%. Of major importance is the determination of the ratio of the fraction of arachidonic acid to that of the unsaturated fatty acids. In healthy persons, the coefficient Kac was 7.8, and in type I and II DM patients it increased to 13.13 and 10.14, respectively.
Pharmacotherapeutic options for cancer cachexia: emerging drugs and recent approvals
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2023
Lorena Garcia-Castillo, Giacomo Rubini, Paola Costelli
Since most cachectic patients experience systemic inflammation, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), recognized for its anti-inflammatory effect, has been broadly studied in clinics. EPA can reduce the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6) and decrease the activity of proteolysis-inducing factors. However, the results obtained in clinical trials are controversial since opposite results are frequently obtained. Some studies have reported that EPA supplementation increases body weight or LBM in patients with cancer cachexia. Conversely, other reports do not show significant improvement in the levels of markers of inflammation, in body weight and in nutritional status, clearly highlighting the need for additional studies evaluating the beneficial effects of EPA supplementation in cancer cachexia [23].
A remote Whole Food Dietary Intervention to Reduce Fatigue and Improve Diet Quality in Lymphoma Survivors: Results of a Feasibility Pilot Study
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2023
Kellie R. Weinhold, Sarah Light, Anna Maria Bittoni, Suzanna Zick, Tonya S. Orchard
Changes in dietary variables of interest from baseline to post-intervention are reported in Table 5. No significant differences were reported for total calories or for percent of energy from carbohydrates, protein, or fat (all p > 0.05). Mean[SD] total n-3 PUFA intake increased significantly from baseline (2.09[1.42]g/day) to post-intervention (2.46[1.55]g/day) (p = 0.039). Mean[SD] intakes of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (0.05[0.05]g/day, 0.11[0.12]g/day) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (0.11[0.10]g/day, 0.24[0.25]g/day) more than doubled from baseline to post-intervention, however increases were not statistically significant (p = 0.09, p = 0.07, respectively). Mean[SD] intakes of whole foods targeted in the intervention increased significantly (all p < 0.05): fruit (total and those high in vitamin C), vegetables (total, dark green, orange, and tomatoes), fish, and whole grains. Micronutrients found in high concentration in the targeted foods increased significantly from baseline to post-intervention (p < 0.05), including lycopene, a carotenoid present in tomatoes, vitamin C, and beta carotene, a carotenoid found in orange and yellow vegetables.
Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in schizophrenia: are these opportunities for repurposing?
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2022
Zarrin Ansari, Sudhir Pawar, Rajmohan Seetharaman
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid are omega-3 fatty acids that are essential for neuronal function. Omega-3 fatty acids exhibit anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting the pro-inflammatory transcription nuclear factors that produce inflammatory cytokines and chemokines [109]. Erythrocyte membrane polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) is postulated to be the reflection of PUFAs in the CNS. Khan et al. demonstrated that levels of PUFA were significantly lower and that of saturated fatty acids were significantly higher in patients with SCZ versus control subjects 58 Berger et al. showed that EPA augmentation of antipsychotic therapy was associated with accelerated treatment response and improved tolerability of antipsychotics in a placebo-controlled, double-blind trial in FEP [110].