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Anti-Inflammatory, Antimicrobial and Other Beneficial Effects of Allium sativum (Garlic)
Published in Mehwish Iqbal, Complementary and Alternative Medicinal Approaches for Enhancing Immunity, 2023
These compounds can be classified on the basis of sulfur-containing functional groups; a few of them are methionine, dibenzothiophene, lipoic acid, allicin, diphenyl disulfide, sulfanilamide, cysteine and penicillin. Allium is among those vegetables that are really known for their distinct flavours and smell, for which a range of organosulfur constituents are accountable (Brewster, 2008). Allicin is beneficial against a broader spectrum of microbes compared to conventional antibiotics (Borlinghaus et al., 2014). Allicin does not present in garlic until it is cut or crushed (Blackwood & Fulder, 1986). Mashing or cutting the garlic bulb invigorates the enzyme alliinase (Walag et al., 2020), which converts alliin to allicin (Block, 1985). Organosulfur compounds drawn out and separated from garlic are often researched with reference to their in vivo antioxidant properties (Yin & Cheng, 2003).
Angiogenesis and anti-leukaemia activity of novel indole derivatives as potent colchicine binding site inhibitors
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2022
Yongfang Yao, Tao Huang, Yuyang Wang, Longfei Wang, Siqi Feng, Weyland Cheng, Longhua Yang, Yongtao Duan
First, the left-hand side (LHS) quinoline moiety based on the isostere strategy leading to the formation of compounds 6–9 with indole, benzofuran, dibenzothiophene and benzimidazole, respectively, was examined. As shown in Table 1, the tubulin inhibitory polymerisation (IC50) of 6–9 was 8.5, 18.6, 45.7 and 20.8 µM, respectively. The antiangiogenic activity in zebrafish assays also presented similar trend. The compounds 6–7 with better tubulin inhibitory polymerisation activity were more potent than 8–9 on antiangiogenic assays. Considering the results of tubulin inhibition in vitro and anti-angiogenesis in vivo, 6 was selected to further investigate the SAR.
The intestinal microbial metabolite nicotinamide n-oxide prevents herpes simplex encephalitis via activating mitophagy in microglia
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Feng Li, Yiliang Wang, Xiaowei Song, Zhaoyang Wang, Jiaoyan Jia, Shurong Qing, Lianzhou Huang, Yuan Wang, Shuai Wang, Zhe Ren, Kai Zheng, Yifei Wang
Tissues fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde were embedded in paraffin and cut into slices. For hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, the samples were dewaxed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Images were captured with a light microscope. For immunohistochemistry (IHC), after dewaxing and heat-induced antigen retrieval, the tissue slices were subjected to incubation with anti-VP5 (HSV-1 capsid protein, ab6508, Abcam) or anti-Iba-1 (10904-1-AP, Proteintech) antibodies at 4°C overnight. The samples were then incubated with appreciate second antibodies (7076, 7074, CST), followed by coloration with dibenzothiophene and stained with hematoxylin. After a series of experiments, the brain slices were detected and analyzed with a light microscope.