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Osteoarthritis
Published in Nicole M. Farmer, Andres Victor Ardisson Korat, Cooking for Health and Disease Prevention, 2022
As evidenced through the pathophysiological steps in OA, the joint is a system in which the cartilage, the bone, and the synovium engage in crosstalk between all the tissues (Grover, 2016). This system crosstalk can be detrimental when uncontrolled inflammation is present but may be beneficial in the setting of exposure to anti-inflammatory or antioxidant-based foods that can leverage the system to return the joint to its protective functional state.
Immunology of pre-eclampsia
Published in Pankaj Desai, Pre-eclampsia, 2020
This concept of crosstalk came originally from animal experiments. The endometrial gland cells display the same array of endocrine receptors as are expressed in animal species, and pathologists have long recognised the hypersecretory phenotype that the glands adopt early in pregnancy, the so-called Arias-Stella reaction. Lower levels of glycoproteins secreted by the glands, such as glycodelin-A, have been linked to miscarriage because in 70% of cases, formation of the trophoblastic shell is incomplete.2 Furthermore, microarray analysis of chorionic villus samples from patients that went on to develop pre-eclampsia show aberrant expression of decidual, rather than placental, genes.15 It is indeed possible that the defective dialogue leads to defective placentation and, subsequently, to the development of pre-eclampsia.
Image Formation in Spectral Computed Tomography
Published in Katsuyuki Taguchi, Ira Blevis, Krzysztof Iniewski, Spectral, Photon Counting Computed Tomography, 2020
Simon Rit, Cyril Mory, Peter B. Noël
Additionally, material volumes are subject to decomposition errors, commonly referred to as “cross-talk”: materials can appear in the wrong material-specific CT volumes. The severity of cross-talk depends on how much the materials' attenuation profiles differ from each other (the more similar they are, the stronger the cross-talk) and on how much noise is present in the photon counts (the noisier the data, the stronger the cross-talk). In one-step inversion methods, regularization can also cause cross-talk: regularizing one material creates discrepancies between the estimated photon counts and the measured ones, which are compensated by adding or removing some amount of another material. This effect is particularly intense on the borders of structures when a strong spatial regularization is applied, as illustrated in Figure 19.7.
Complement activation and coagulopathy - an ominous duo in COVID19
Published in Expert Review of Hematology, 2021
Sojit Tomo, Kiran Pvsn Kumar, Dipayan Roy, Shrimanjunath Sankanagoudar, Purvi Purohit, Dharamveer Yadav, Mithu Banerjee, Praveen Sharma, Sanjeev Misra
Despite being two distinct systems, the complement system and the coagulation cascade are closely interlinked and balanced and share between them multiple contributors to both the pathways. Also, both are involved in fighting off pathogens and are implicated in the pathophysiology of several diseases. Thus, they share both architectural and functional attributes [20]. From an evolutionary perspective, they are perhaps descendants of a common immune proteolytic system [21]. Both are organized as a cascade of zymogen conversions and assembly of serine proteases of high substrate specificity. Altered cellular surface in a localized environment is a prerequisite for the initiation of both the pathways. Tight regulation takes place in the presence of inhibitors or cofactors, which restrain the system by either inhibition of enzyme activity, or restriction of the binding capacity of a component [20]. These common characteristics explain why crosstalk between these two systems is commonly present in multiple clinical conditions.
The interplay between Helicobacter pylori and gastrointestinal microbiota
Published in Gut Microbes, 2021
Chieh-Chang Chen, Jyh-Ming Liou, Yi-Chia Lee, Tzu-Chan Hong, Emad M El-Omar, Ming-Shiang Wu
Trillions of microorganisms reside in the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract and form a symbiotic relationship with the host, playing an important role in health and disease. The GI microbiome and the host generate a complex network of interactions that transcends the boundaries of the GI tract, forging intimate connections with all aspects of human physiology, including metabolic, immune, and neuroendocrine systems. The crosstalk is mediated by microbial-derived biochemical signals that are absorbed into the blood and circulated throughout the human body; by signals relayed by the enteric nervous system that transmit microbiota-derived cues to the central nervous system; and by immune cells that perceive local microbial signals in the GI tract and are trafficked throughout the body.1–3
Primary tumors from mucosal barrier organs drive unique eosinophil infiltration patterns and clinical associations
Published in OncoImmunology, 2021
Sharon Grisaru-Tal, Michal Itan, Daniel G Grass, Javier Torres-Roca, Steven A Eschrich, Yaara Gordon, Avishay Dolitzky, Inbal Hazut, Shmuel Avlas, Elizabeth A Jacobsen, Tomer Ziv-Baran, Ariel Munitz
One possible mechanism of action for eosinophils in the TME is by interacting with diverse cells of the immune system. To define potential interactions between eosinophils and additional immune cells we conducted a correlation analysis between eosinophils, T cell subsets, NK cells, and polarized macrophages using the TCC database. This analysis revealed a positive correlation between eosinophils and memory resting CD4+ T cells and an inverse correlation with CD8+ T-cells across multiple tumor types. Recent data demonstrated an active cross-talk exists between eosinophils and CD8+ T cells, where eosinophils promote the influx of CD8+ T cells into the TME, especially following immunotherapy.39,59 Thus, the finding of an inverse correlation between eosinophils and CD8+ T cells is of great interest. Since the associations between eosinophils and CD8+ T cells were observed primarily in settings of immunotherapy regimes or depletion of T regulatory cells. We hypothesize that under different non-immunosuppressed conditions, eosinophils may still associate with CD8+ T cells. Further studies should be done regarding this potential crosstalk.