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Dyslipidemia
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
Except for fish oil supplements, no other vitamin, phytochemical, or trace mineral supplements reduce risks for atherosclerosis. Some alternative medicines and health foods have minor effects upon cholesterol and BP. They are not always safe or effective, and may interact with effective prescription medications. Coenzyme Q10 decreases with aging and may be low if certain heart conditions and other chronic diseases are present. Supplementation with this coenzyme has been recommended, but is still of unproven therapeutic benefit.
Components of Nutrition
Published in Christopher Cumo, Ancestral Diets and Nutrition, 2020
Nutritionists and dieticians concentrate on eight B vitamins: B1 (thiamine or thiamin), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin or nicotinic acid), B5 (pantothenic acid), B6 (pyridoxine), B7 (biotin), B9 (folate, folic acid, or pteroylmonoglutamic acid), and B12 (cobalamin). The omitted four are B4 (adenine), B8 (inositol), B10 (para amino benzoic acid or PABA), and B11 (salicylic acid). This book concentrates on the standard eight. B vitamins help the body derive energy from food and manufacture red blood cells. As coenzymes, B vitamins enhance enzymes, a noteworthy function given that vitamins are not proteins and so cannot be enzymes. An example of a coenzyme, vitamin B3 is part of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), both necessary for deriving energy from foods. B vitamins are in beef, fish, poultry, eggs, dairy products, dark green leafy vegetables, and legumes. B-vitamin deficiencies cause diseases examined below.
Micronutrient Supplementation and Ergogenesis — Metabolic Intermediates
Published in Luke Bucci, Nutrients as Ergogenic Aids for Sports and Exercise, 2020
Coenzyme Q10 supplementation has consistently shown improved physiological and physical parameters in both trained and untrained subjects, consistent with hypothetical mechanisms of action. Thus, coenzyme Q10 supplementation appears to be a viable option to improve aerobic performance. The long-term safety of coenzyme Q10 supplementation has been thoroughly documented in thousands of subjects.520–523,941,944–946 Likewise, the ability of orally administered coenzyme Q10 to increase blood and tissue levels has also been extensively documented in both animals and humans.520–523,941,944–946 Coenzyme Q10 is available at health food stores, mail order vitamin companies, and sporting goods stores. Attention to bioavailability is found for some products that offer coenzyme Q10 in oil, or emulsified. Thus, coenzyme Q10 is poised to be a nutritional ergogenic aid, providing further research studies confirm that performance in actual sports settings is improved.
Protective effect of dexpanthenol against methotrexate-induced liver oxidative toxicity in rats
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2023
Mukaddes Gürler, Engin Burak Selçuk, Beyza Güzide Özerol, Kevser Tanbek, Elif Taşlıdere, Azibe Yıldız, Fatma Hilal Yağın, Elif Gürel
Dexpanthenol or D-(+)-Panthenol (Dex) is a familiar therapeutic agent in dermatology, where experimental and clinical studies revealed its favorable effect on wound healing by triggering fibroblast proliferation (Augustin et al.2019, Heise et al.2019, Gorski et al.2020, Saez-Alcaide et al.2020, Kutlu and Metin 2021). Recently, authors investigated Dex performance on different aspects including nerve injury, sepsis, corneal infection, dry nose, diabetic nephropathy, and many other pathologies especially related with oxidative damage (Tutun et al.2019, Korkmaz et al.2020, Kose et al.2020, Mencucci et al.2020, Thieme et al.2020). Dex is a monocarboxylic acid amide ((2 R)-2.4-Didydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethylbutanamid), and an alcohol derivative of pantothenic acid (vitamin B5). It is essential for the synthesis of coenzyme A (CoA), thus playing a role primarily in lipid metabolism, but also has many other biochemical effects in different sides of metabolism including cell growth, energy generation, and neurotransmitter synthesis (Sanvictores and Chauhan 2020). It supports the cellular defense system against oxidative stress and inflammatory attacks by increasing reduced glutathione and antioxidant enzymes (Ucar et al.2018).
Laboratory testing for mitochondrial diseases: biomarkers for diagnosis and follow-up
Published in Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, 2023
Abraham J. Paredes-Fuentes, Clara Oliva, Roser Urreizti, Delia Yubero, Rafael Artuch
Treatment of MDs with vitamins and cofactors is intended to ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction. It includes the use of combinations of vitamins and cofactors such as coenzyme Q10 (CoQ or ubiquinone), alpha-lipoic acid, riboflavin (vitamin B2), thiamine (vitamin B1), vitamins C and E, and folinic acid (reduced form of folic acid). These supplements are intended to promote critical enzymatic reactions, decrease the effect of excess free radicals, and scavenge toxic molecules that can accumulate in MDs [45]. The plasma concentrations of these vitamins and cofactors can be analyzed to detect deficiencies, to evaluate treatment effectiveness, and to monitor adherence to therapy. For example, plasma CoQ analysis may reliably indicate a secondary CoQ deficiency and can also be used as a surrogate biomarker in CoQ treatment monitoring [46,47].
Effects of topical Coenzyme Q10, Xanthan Gum and Sodium Hyaluronate on corneal epithelial wound healing
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2022
Leyla Asena, Gülşah Gökgöz, Fatma Helvacıoğlu, Gonca Özgün, Emine Ebru Deniz, Dilek Dursun Altinors
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a vitamin-like benzoquinone compound which has been evaluated as a candidate to promote corneal wound healing.19–22 Coenzyme Q10 is an organic molecule composed of a hydrophobic tail and a redox active quinone ring. It is present in biological membranes, particularly in mitochondria where it serves as an electron transporter in complexes I, II and III of the mitochondrial respiratory chain.23 The reduced form of CoQ10 is an effective endogenous cellular antioxidant. It also has antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory functions.19,21 It can improve the viability of corneal epithelial cells in culture and the administration of CoQ10 after corneal epithelium removal promotes corneal wound healing.22 In a recent case series, it was reported that challenging refractory corneal ulcers showed satisfactory healing response to adjuvant CoQ10 eye drops.24 In another study evaluating the postoperative effects of topical coenzyme Q 10 + vitamin E D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate after cataract surgery, a positive effect was observed in restoring corneal sub-basal nerve plexus anatomy and ocular surface stability.6 In our study, the group receiving topical CoQ10 showed similar macroscopic epithelial healing with other treatment groups, however the electron microscopic examination revealed a better organised epithelial layer more close to a healthy corneal epithelium.