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Calcium and Cytokinin in Mosses
Published in R. N. Chopra, Satish C. Bhatla, Bryophyte Development: Physiology and Biochemistry, 2019
There is more evidence concerning the second part of the model, the activation of a second messenger in response to cytokinin. We have shown in our laboratory that intracellular Ca2+ increases after cytokinin treatment.18 Earlier research also demonstrated that Ca2+ is involved in cytokinin responses. The initial research in this area, by LeJohn and co-workers,78-80 was on calcium transport in the water mold Achlya. Achlya is a filamentous coenocytic fungus that grows only in the presence of Ca2+. Cytokinins stimulate Ca2+ release from a glycoprotein localized on the surface and enhance uptake of the ion into the cells.78 This Ca2+ transport can be antagonized by Mg2+.79 The transport system consists of two components: a low-molecular-weight Ca2+-binding glycopeptide present in the cell wall matrix and a Ca2+-uptake component associated with the cell membrane. Cytokinin appears to act on both portions of the system; in osmotically shocked cells, without the glycopeptide, cytokinin still enhances Ca2+ uptake.80
Mucor and Mucormycosis
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
Compared to the “higher fungi” (i.e., Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) that produce regularly septate mycelia, most Zygomycota form coenocytic or aseptate hyphae that lack cross walls (or septa), although older mycelia and also members of the order Kickxellales and Harpellales may form septa. In addition, walled sporangiospores of the Zygomycota are formed by the internal cleavage of the sporangial cytoplasm and the sporangial wall typically disintegrates or dehisces at maturity to free the spores for dispersal by wind or water.
Biodiversity and Description of the Main Algae with Bioactive Properties
Published in Leonel Pereira, Therapeutic and Nutritional Uses of Algae, 2018
Description: It is a bright green seaweed that resembles long skinny vertical bunches of tiny grapes. It can be very similar in appearance to C. lentillifera, though the latter tends to produce denser bunches (though this line can be smudged when C. racemosa grows in wave-exposed waters and develops shorter, stronger branches than normal). C. racemosa is quite variable in morphology and has many different growth forms that have been identified and named. A horizontal stolon which is attached to the sediment (usually sand) by descending rhizomes gives rise to erect branches at every few centimeters. These branches can reach as much as 30 cm in height and produce many stalked branchlets which vary in shape from spherical to ovate to disc-shaped, sometimes flattening on top or forming ice-cream-cone-type shapes. These plants are coenocytic, which means that the entire plant is made up of one giant cell with many nuclei and no cross-walls. It is mainly due to this characteristic, that any part of a C. racemosa plant that is fragmented, even tiny bits of tissue, can regenerate to form entirely new plants (Elbanna and Hegazi 2011). Distribution: see Table 2.1
Systematic development and characterization of curcumin-loaded nanogel for topical application
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2020
Payal Kesharwani, Ankit Jain, Anand Kumar Srivastava, Mahendra Kumar Keshari
In vitro occlusion study for carbopol gel, CUR dispersed gel, and CUR nanogel was performed. The CUR nanogel creates a very thin film over skin with a narrow space between particles [81]. This impedes loss of water due to evaporation and enhances skin hydration. The skin hydration loosens the coenocytes present on skin surface, thus enhancingpenetration of drug [82]. In occlusion study performed, the occlusion factor was obtained after 48 h. The F value obtained for CUR nanogel was 80.41 ± 3.9%, CUR dispersed gel was 62 ± 3% and carbopol gel was 48.21 ± 2.4%. It is understood that CUR nanogel showed good occlusivity compared to CUR dispersed gel and carbopol gel (Figure 14). The formulation with minimum water loss will provide good occlusivity [83].