China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Potential Significance of Proteases
Published in Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Megh R. Goyal, Masood Sadiq Butt, Phytochemicals from Medicinal Plants, 2019
Marwa Waheed, Muhammad Bilal Hussain, Sadia Hassan, Mohammad Ali Shariati, Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo
Ripened or mature fruit with dry skin is a dietary source for the consumption of chickens. Papain and chymopapain are two major enzymes, which have the ability to diminish the risk of drugs.55 It has been revealed that proteases extracted from the fruit plant latex vary greatly from the nonfruit parts, as well as from the newly cut or wounded fruits of the papaya plant. A chain of proteins with low-molecular weight are being obtained from freshly wounded fruitlets, and continuous cut or injury of fruits activate more than a few enzymes comprising caricain, chymopapain, and papain.12
Investigational drug therapies for coeliac disease – where to from here?
Published in Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2018
James Haridy, Diana Lewis, Evan D. Newnham
A further PEP isolated from the fungus Aspergillus niger (AnPEP) displayed promising in vitro results with rapid gluten degradation, with stable enzymatic activity despite pepsin and at pH level present in the stomach and beyond [29,33]. A Phase 2a placebo-controlled study of 16 patients with CD consuming 7 g gluten/day over 2 weeks with AnPEP revealed no difference in the primary patient reported end point; however, a larger trial with longer exposure time is required to obtain any definitive conclusions with this PEP [34]. AnPEP has been trialed as a gluten degradation agent to decrease the immunogenicity of wheat flour. However, no human trials have been published to establish the effects on clinical outcomes in CD [35]. Glutegard® (a caricain preparation derived from papaya) was investigated in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 20 patients (14 in the intervention group) over a 42-day period. When administered with 1 g gluten daily, caricain displayed an improvement in symptom scores and general well-being. The high drop-out rate in the placebo group and presence of serological positivity and villous atrophy prior to randomization preclude definitive conclusions [36]. Further, PEP-containing food grade enzyme from Aspergillus niger and oryzae, named STAN1, is currently performing a Phase 2 study of 40 patients; however, no trial results have been published to date.