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Cell Adhesion Molecules in Mast Cell Adhesion and Migration
Published in Bruce S. Bochner, Adhesion Molecules in Allergic Disease, 2020
Harissios Vliagoftis, Dean D. Metcalfe
CD34+ cells express adhesion molecules. CD34+ cells isolated from human bone marrow and from cord blood express LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18), α4, α5, β1, and αv integrins, LFA-3, and ICAM-1 (CD54) (63). The expression of adhesion molecules differs according to the stage of maturation of the precursor cells studied. Expression of β1 and β2 integrins by stem cells is important for their adhesion to bone marrow stroma cells (64). During maturation, disappearance of these molecules could affect the release of these cells from the bone marrow and their localization in tissues. The specific progenitor cell for human mast cells has not been studied in terms of adhesion. The steps in migration of this cell into the peripheral tissues is thus not clear. It is known, however, that 1-week-old murine BM-CMC sorted to be FcεRI positive adhere to laminin after PMA activation (15). This observation indicates that the adhesion of early mast cells to laminin may be important in mast cell trafficking and could relate to the differentiation of immature mast cells after they are localized in tissues.
Gene Transfer into Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Published in Richard K. Burt, Alberto M. Marmont, Stem Cell Therapy for Autoimmune Disease, 2019
Serguei Kisselev, Tatiana Seregina, Richard K. Burt, Charles J. Link
The main marker useful for isolation and/or enrichment of human hematopoietic progenitor cells for transplantation is a surface antigen termed CD34+ whose function may be the regulation, localization and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells within the hematopoietic microenvironment.15’ Despite a long history of successful long term hematopoietic engraftment, reports by Ogawa and colleagues indicate that the CD34+ surface antigen expression is a marker of progenitor cell activation, while the main population of quiescent HSC are CD34 negative.17-19 Other research groups have confirmed this data.20-23
Immunophenotypic Markers
Published in Wojciech Gorczyca, Atlas of Differential Diagnosis in Neoplastic Hematopathology, 2014
The CD34 is a small peptide attached to the cell membrane of a hematopoietic cell. It is a marker of myeloid immaturity expressed by developmentally early hematopoietic stem cells (erythroid, myeloid, and megakaryocytic precursors) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)+ immature lymphoid cells. Apart from blasts, CD34 also stains blood vessels and sinuses. The CD34 can be used by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. CD34 is positive in both AML and ALL. Among AMLs, CD34 is not expressed by classic (hypergranular) APL and majority of acute monocytic leukemias. Hypogranular variant of APL, however, is often CD34+. Apart from AML, CD34 may be positive in precursor B- and T-ALL/LBLs (more often in the former than in the latter) and in MPAL. BPDCN is CD34−. AMLs with mutation of NPM1 are often CD34− and those without NPM1 mutation but with FLT3-ITD are often CD34+ and TdT+ [76].
The prognostic effect on childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia of CD34+CD38− expressed in leukemia cells
Published in Hematology, 2022
Jiou Zhao, Yun Wang, Min Zhou, Jizhao Gao, Yufang Yuan
As cell surface antigens, CD34 and CD38 are closely associated with the origin and differentiation of cells. CD34 is believed to be a marker of early expression of human hematopoietic precursor cells, mainly expressed in hematopoietic progenitor cells and hematopoietic stem cells. Its expression level decreases with cell differentiation [15], whereas the expression of CD38 in hematopoietic cells depends on the differentiation and activation state of cells. CD38 is normally expressed in activated lymphocytes [16]. CD34 and CD38 are expressed in normal and leukemia cells. After the concept of leukemia stem cells based on CD34 and CD38 was proposed, this hypothesized origin of recurrence has been increasingly recognized by the academic community. We collected clinical data on children newly diagnosed with acute lymphocytic leukemia to study the effect of CD34 and CD38 expression on prognosis.
Nestin and CD34 expression in colorectal cancer predicts improved overall survival
Published in Acta Oncologica, 2021
Athanasios Tampakis, Benjamin Weixler, Silvan Rast, Ekaterini-Christina Tampaki, Eleonora Cremonesi, Venkatesh Kancherla, Nadia Tosti, Christoph Kettelhack, Charlotte K. Y. Ng, Tarik Delko, Savas D. Soysal, Urs von Holzen, Evangelos Felekouras, Nikolaos Nikiteas, Martin Bolli, Luigi Tornillo, Luigi Terracciano, Serenella Eppenberger-Castori, Giulio C. Spagnoli, Salvatore Piscuoglio, Markus von Flüe, Silvio Däster, Raoul A. Droeser
CD34 is a transmembrane phosphoglycoprotein, primarily known as a marker of hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells [15]. Accumulating data demonstrates significant CD34 expression in different cell types, such as the multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, interstitial dendritic cells, and epithelial progenitors [16–19]. CD34 is widely known as a marker of vascular endothelial progenitor cells [20]. Its best-described ligand is L-selectin that mediates adhesion of lymphocytes to CD34 surface proteins in the vascular endothelium [21]. In the gastrointestinal tract, CD34 expression has also been identified in the interstitial cells of Cajal (JCC) [22] in murine and human tissues [23]. Besides, it has been suggested that CD34 enables the trafficking of mast cells and eosinophils into peripheral tissues. Regarding cancer, podocalyxin, a member of the CD34 family, has been associated with malignancy and aggressive tumor profiles in embryonic carcinoma, leukemia, breast, prostate, and pancreatic cancer [16]. In various carcinomas, CD34 has been used to evaluate microvessel density and tumor neovascularization.
Progress in determining response to treatment in gastrointestinal stromal tumor
Published in Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 2020
Junaid Arshad, Jibran Ahmed, Ty Subhawong, Jonathan C Trent
GIST originates from the interstitial cells of Cajal, which share morphologic and immunophenotypic similarities with these tumors. These cells stain for vimentin and are immunoreactive for KIT (CD117) and CD34, whereas they typically lack a myoid or schwannian immunophenotype (e.g. S100) [4]. CD117 is a product of the c-kit proto-oncogene expression. On immunohistochemistry (IHC), CD117 and DOG1 (ANO1/TMEM16A) are most specific for GIST and help to differentiate these from other tumor types [5]. CD34 is positive on IHC in 70% of cases of GIST [6], varying from 47% in the small bowel to 96–100% in rectum and esophagus [7]. CD34 is, however, also expressed by cells in tumors of fibroblastic and endothelial origin. CD117, on the other hand, is expressed by 85% of cells of malignant GIST, both spindle cell and epithelioid subtypes. Other mesenchymal GI tumors (leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma, and schwannomas) do not usually express CD117 [8]. In a small subset of tumors that are wild-type for KIT and PDGFRA, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) may be deficient through deletion or epigenetic repression [9].