China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Recent Developments in Bioresponsive Drug Delivery Systems
Published in Deepa H. Patel, Bioresponsive Polymers, 2020
Drashti Pathak, Deepa H. Patel
An important feature of cancer cells is homotypic tumor cell adhesion. In light of this, cancer cell membranes were coated onto the surface of PLGA nanoparticles for source-cell-targeted delivery [19]. Natural RNA transport vesicles, such as exosomes, have been genetically modified with targeting peptides for gene delivery [20]. Red blood cells (RBCs) are promising drug-delivery candidates that possess several appealing features, such as their long circulation time. In addition, their unique transporting characteristics enable RBC based delivery targeting RBC-eliminating cells, such as the reticuloendothelial system (RES) macrophages. Apart from directly using intact RBCs, RBC membranes have also been coated on PLGA cores for different applications, such as toxin absorption [21].
Epithelial Cells
Published in Bruce S. Bochner, Adhesion Molecules in Allergic Disease, 2020
Epithelial cell–cell adhesion is essential for the airway epithelium to function as a physical barrier to potentially harmful inhaled agents. Three ultrastructural components that are important in cell–cell adhesion have been identified: the desmosome (macula adherens); the intermediate junction (zonula adherens); and the tight junction (zonula occludens).
Biological basis of angiogenesis and role of vascular endothelial growth factor-D
Published in A. R. Genazzani, Hormone Replacement Therapy and Cancer, 2020
Analyzing Vegf-D mRNA expression in mouse fibroblasts, we observed that this growth factor, in contrast with the other members of the VEGF family, was induced by calcium-dependent cell-cell interactions35. Cell-cell adhesion is mediated by Cadherins, a large family of transmembrane calcium-dependent adhesive glycoproteins that form homotypic binding with their extracellular domain on adjacent cells36–38. Mesenchymal cells, which are loosely associated, express mesenchymal-specific Cadherins like cadherin-1139–42Vegf-D messenger is strongly induced by direct cell-cell contact. This induction can be inhibited by depletion of extracellular Ca2+ from the culture medium. Inhibition of Cadherin-11 expression in contacting fibroblasts reduces Vegf-D mRNA induction, while cadherin-11 expression in fibroblasts, that do not express cadherin-11, restores Vegf-D induction. We therefore identify cadherin-11 as a surface molecule involved in Vegf-D regulation by cell-cell interaction. Vegf-D regulation by cell-cell contact is consistent with a model in which aggregating fibroblasts switch on the expression of a factor that is chemotactic to endothelial cells and thus could recruit them to the forming tissue. The cell-cell contact mediated by cadherin-11 in vitro may mimic, in part, the angiogenic process and suggest that Vegf-D expression might be involved in the initial steps of the angiogenic process.
Silver nanoparticles induce a non-immunogenic tumor cell death
Published in Journal of Immunotoxicology, 2023
Maritza Roxana Garcia Garcia, Noelia Casares, Luz Andrea Martinez Perez, Efren Juarez Curiel, Andres Alberto de Jesus Hernandez, Nina Bogdanchikova, Diana Garibo, Ana G. Rodriguez-Hernandez, Alexey Pestryakov, Sandra Castro Gamboa, Luis Felipe Arias Ruiz, Olivia Torres Bugarin, Pedro Berraondo
Cell adhesion is fundamental in modulating important processes like cell–cell communication, as well as cell proliferation, survival, migration, and differentiation (Hamidi et al. 2017). Here, the xCELLigence RTCA system was employed to monitor any AgNP-induced changes in cell adhesion in real-time. The results indicate that there was a significant decrease in cell adhesion index after exposure to AgNP. However, such changes were not uniform between cell lines, with there being a more pronounced effect in the CT26 cells than in MCA205 cells (Figure 3). There was a noticeable decrease in the cell adhesion index in CT26 cells after 0.2 h AgNP treatment at concentrations of 3.0–12.0 µg/ml (Figure 3(a)). In comparison, significant effects were observed in the MCA205 cells only after 3.9 h exposure to 6.0 µg/ml of AgNP (Figure 3(b)); oddly, exposure to doses > 6.0 µg/ml imparted no significant effect, indicating a possible AgNP-induced cytostatic effect.
Effects of MFG-E8 expression on the biological characteristics of ovarian cancer cells via the AKT/mTOR/S6K signalling pathway
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2023
Na Li, Yazhuo Wang, Lin Liu, Pei Wang, Xiaohua Wu
The occurrence and development of tumours involve several aspects such as excessive cell proliferation, abnormal apoptosis, adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM), invasion, and migration ability (Liotta and Stetler-Stevenson 1991). The ECM provides structural support for cells and important regulatory signals to control cell growth, metabolism, and differentiation. Cell adhesion is involved in regulating gene expression and cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Ovarian cancer has a unique growth and metastasis pattern, which differs from other solid tumours that can metastasise to distant sites through the vascular or lymphatic systems. Ovarian cancer cells can adhere to peritoneal mesothelial cells and form metastases. Finally, extensive abdominal lesions involving the network membrane, gastrointestinal tract, liver, spleen, and other organs can lead to the death of patients. Therefore, reducing the ability of cells to adhere to the ECM can inhibit tumour cell invasion and migration to a certain extent. Tibaldi coated xCELLigence micropores with rhMFG-E8 and performed adhesion tests with ovarian cancer cells and found that rhMFG-E8 could promote cell adhesion (Tibaldi et al.2013). In our study, RNA interference technology was used in cell-ECM adhesion experiments using two different biological materials to simulate the ECM. The results revealed that after MFG-E8 silencing, the cell adhesion rate was significantly lower, confirming that MFG-E8 can regulate the adhesion of tumour cells to the ECM.
Progress in understanding primary glomerular disease: insights from urinary proteomics and in-depth analyses of potential biomarkers based on bioinformatics
Published in Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, 2023
Lili Ge, Jianhua Liu, Baoxu Lin, Xiaosong Qin
The complement system plays a vital role in many diseases and can be activated in three ways. Its activation can also trigger an attack against the body’s own cells, consequently causing autoimmune diseases [91,92]. It is also associated with kidney pathologies, especially MN. Cell adhesion is a dynamic process that plays an essential role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration, while perturbations in cell adhesion often lead to severe pathological alterations [93]. Abnormal cell adhesion may cause kidney disease such as IgAN, which is associated with mesangial cell and cell adhesion matrix proliferation [94,95]. Further delineating the relationship between IgAN and cell adhesion may help toward promoting noninvasive methods for diagnosing this disease. Cytoskeleton. the protein fiber grid system in eukaryotic cells, is a dynamic scaffolding network that is essential in maintaining basic cell morphology. Cytoskeleton proteins have been found to be abnormally expressed in patients with MCN and FSGS [96], while podocyte cytoskeleton injury can cause proteinuria [97]. Another study reported that rearrangements of the cytoskeleton could lead to functional abnormality of podocyte foot processes and symptoms of albuminuria, which trigger podocyte-related diseases [98]. Additional studies on cytoskeleton dynamics may help to characterize the pathogenesis of MCD and FSGS in greater detail. Further research in these three areas may lead to new discoveries about PGD.