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Protecting Pancreatic β-cells from Metabolic Insults
Published in Christophe Wiart, Medicinal Plants in Asia for Metabolic Syndrome, 2017
Aqueous extract of Phyllanthus simplex Retz. given orally and daily at a dose of 150 mg/kg to normoglycemic Charles Foster albino rats for 21 days lowered fasting blood glucose from 83.5 to 63.5 mg/mL.118 The same experiment conducted with alloxan-induced diabetic Charles Foster albino rats lowered fasting blood glucose from 252.3 to 146.5 mg/mL, prevented weight loss and normalized and enzymatic activity of catalase and lipid peroxidation in both liver and kidneys.118 Furthermore, this regimen brought total cholesterol, triglycerides, and liver glycogen to nondiabetic values.118 The mode of action of this plant is unknown but an hypoglycemic activity in both normal and diabetic animals suggests an effect mediated by insulin secretion. The plant contains brevifolin and 8,9-epoxy brevifolin which protected rodents against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic oxidative insults.119
Chemistry of Syzygium cumini
Published in K. N. Nair, The Genus Syzygium, 2017
Gallic acid and ellagic acid are the building blocks of many tannin materials (gallotannins and elligatannins). An ethyl acetate solution of hydrolyzed alcoholic extract yielded gallic acid (209) and ellagic acid (210) from stem bark (Bhargava et al. 1974). Ellagic acid was also tentatively identified from flowers by color reactions and formation of the tetraacetate (Nair and Subramanian 1962). Many other derivatives of gallic and ellagic acid have been isolated, including hexahydroxydiphenic acid (211) (Bhatia et al. 1971), 3,3,4′-tri-O-methylellagic acid (212), 3,4′-di-O-methylellagic acid (213) (Bhatia and Bajaj 1975), dimethyl-4,4′-oxybis (3,5-dihydroxy benzoate) (214), and 4,4′-oxybis(3,5-dihydroxy benzoic acid) (215). Compounds 214 and 215 produced irreversible antihyperglycemic efficacy in prolonged therapeutic application and also restored normal body weight and the lipid profile in an animal model, and have been patented as safe and effective antidiabetic therapeutic agents (Ghosh et al. 2008). Moreover, seeds yielded valoneic acid dilactone (216), brevifolin carboxylic acid (217), ellagic acid (210), gallic acid (209) (Mahmoud et al. 2001; Omar et al. 2012), and bergenin (218) from bark (Kopanski and Schnelle 1988).
Handbook of Phytochemical Constituents of GRAS Herbs and Other Economic Plants
Published in James A. Duke, Handbook of Phytochemical Constituents of GRAS Herbs and Other Economic Plants, 2017
“Seed on the Leaf’BREVIFOLIN-CARBOXYLIC-ACID PL CPB37:2531HYPOPHYLLANTHINE PL HHBLINTETRALIN PL MPILUPA-20(29)-ENE-3-BETA-OL RT MPILUPA-20(29)-ENE-3-BETA-OL-ACETATE RT MPI4-METHOXY-NORSECURININE PL MPI4-METHOXY-SECURININE PL MPINIRANTHIN LF MPINIRTETRALIN LF MPIPHYLLANTHIN LF MPIPHYLTETRALIN LF MPIQUERCETIN PL JFMQUERCETIN-HETEROSIDE PL HHBQUERCITRIN PL CPB37:25313,5,7-TRIHYDROXYFLAVONAL-4′-0-ALPHA-L-(-)-RHAMNOPYRANOSIDE RT MPI5,3′,4′-TRIHYDROXYFLAVONONE-7–0-ALPHA-L-(-)-RHAMNOPYRANOSIDE RT MPI Hopelessly confused with P. amarus and P. fratemus
Metabolomic evaluation of Euphorbia pekinensis induced nephrotoxicity in rats
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2018
Zhenzhen Liu, Yan Zeng, Pengyi Hou
EPR was purchased from Anguo Chinese Chemicals Herbal Medicine Factory (Anguo, China) and authenticated by Professor Jincai Lu (School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China); hypoxanthine, niacinamide, phenylalanine, betaine and N,N-dimethylglycine were supplied by Sigma Corporation (St. Louis, MO); corilagin, brevifolin carboxylic acid, brevifolin, ellagic acid, 3,3′-di-O-methyl ellagic acid-4′-O-β-d-xylopyranoside, 3,3′-di-O-methyl ellagic acid-4′-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, 3,3′-di-O-methyl ellagic acid, quercetin, yuexiandajisu C, helioscopinolide E and (–)-(1S)-15-hydroxy-18-carboxycembrene were isolated from EPR and fully characterized based on chemical and spectroscopic analysis (UV, IR, NMR and MS) in our laboratory. The purity of each compound isolated was more than 98% determined by HPLC analysis. Methanol and acetonitrile of HPLC grade were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA), and formic acid of HPLC grade was obtained from Concord Tech. Co. Ltd. (Tianjin, China). Distilled water was purified using a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Bedford, MA).