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Soybean-Based Functional Foods Through Microbial Fermentation: Processing and Biological Activities
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Arijit Nath, Rasul Hafiz Ansar Suleria, Plant-Based Functional Foods and Phytochemicals, 2021
Arijit Nath, Titas Ghosh, Abinit Saha, Klára Pásztorné Huszár, Szilvia Bánvölgyi, Renáta Gerencsérné Berta, Ildikó Galambos, Edit Márki, Gyula Vatai, Andras Koris, Arpita Das
Bowman-Birk inhibitor suppresses reactive-oxygen-species induced mitochondrial damage after proteasomal inhibition and angiogenesis [19, 64, 99], Amino acid sequence in lunasin peptide is almost similar to Bowman-Birk inhibitor. Structurally, lunasin is 43 amino acid having nine aspartic acid residues at the C-terminal end with a cell adhesion motif preceding to it. Tri-peptide RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) from the sequence helps its binding with the non-acetylated H3 and H4 histones to prevent their acetylation and anti-carcinogenic activity [65, 84]. It has been reported that Bowman-Birk inhibitor has a role in the protection of lunasin from gastrointestinal degradation [12, 85].
Macromolecular Absorption From The Digestive Tract In Young Vertebrates
Published in Károly Baintner, Intestinal Absorption of Macromolecules and Immune Transmission from Mother to Young, 2019
After the initial rise, the concentration of porcine trypsin inhibitor shows a rapid and approximately parallel decline in the colostrum, intestinal content, and urine in the first postnatal days.48, 49, 55 In the same period, digestive enzymes of pancreatic origin appear in a definite sequence in the gut.49 In the first 12 hr of postnatal life, traces of amylase and lipase, but no proteases, were detected in most of the piglets. As total proteolytic activity was not measured, it is possible that some activities remained undetected. In the second half of the first postnatal day, chymotryptic activity appeared in the gut. This activity was inhibited by soybean Bowman-Birk inhibitor, but not by the inhibitor of porcine colostrum, a pattern of inhibition differing from that of bovine α-chymotrypsin. This unidentified activity seems to be the major protease of the whole suckling period in the piglet. As the colostral inhibitor disappeared, tryptic activity became predominant in the gut, and a trypsin-like activity appeared, which could be inhibited by Trasylol but not by colostral or soybean inhibitors. Proteolytic activities measured in the piglet were low as compared to those of the other species studied.49, 54
Proteases, protease inhibitors and radiation carcinogenesis
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2023
Only certain PIs serve as cancer preventive agents; these PIs, called anticarcinogenic protease inhibitors (APIs), are PIs that are known to suppress carcinogenesis (Kennedy 1998c). The APIs that inhibit chymotrypsin are the most effective at the lowest molar concentration at suppressing radiation carcinogenesis (Kennedy 1998c; Kennedy and Wan 2011; Kennedy 2014). The soybean-derived protease inhibitor (PI), Bowman-Birk Inhibitor (BBI), is a powerful chymotrypsin inhibitor that works at nanomolar concentrations (Yavelow et al. 1985). Given the prohibitive cost of using purified BBI in human trials, BBI Concentrate (BBIC) was developed for the purpose of performing BBI human trials; BBIC is an extract of soybeans enriched in BBI. BBIC has been described in detail (Kennedy et al. 1993). Investigational New Drug (IND) status from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for BBIC was achieved in April,1992, and human trials began at that time. Both BBI and BBIC have been evaluated extensively in in vitro and in vivo experimental systems and are known to inhibit radiation induced transformation in vitro as well as radiation induced carcinogenesis in vivo (e.g. Kennedy 1998c; Kennedy et al. 2008, 2011, Kennedy 2014).
Galangin ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice via modulation of cellular immunity
Published in Journal of Immunotoxicology, 2021
Kok-Tong Tan, Shiming Li, Lauren Panny, Chi-Chien Lin, Shih-Chao Lin
Throughout this study, neither EAE-related changes in splenic Treg cell population levels nor IL-10 production was significantly impacted by galangin. It is known that IL-10 plays a crucial role in negative regulation of EAE susceptibility (Bettelli et al. 1998; Cua et al. 1999) and that Treg cells have a major role in regulating IL-10 production (Rynda-Apple et al. 2011). It thus seems reasonable to assume, based on the above, that Treg cells in these hosts could be targeted by galangin. However, the present results suggest otherwise, i.e. instead implying that the anti- inflammatory effect of galangin against EAE was not caused by interactions with the Treg cell-IL-10 axis. Dai et al. (2012) previously reported that the tissues used to harvest/provide mononuclear cells could be key to observations about IL-10 production in an EAE mouse model. Specifically, those authors found that IL-10 production induced by Bowman-Birk inhibitor was not affected when spleens were the cell source, but there were significant increases induced when the source was lymph nodes. Apart from tissue source being able to explain these unexpected outcomes, since Treg cell levels and IL-10 production were evaluated here at 28 dpi, this may have been too late to observe any induced change.
Safeguarding the catalytic activity and stability of polyaniline chitosan silver nanocomposite bound beta-galactosidase against product inhibitors and structurally related compound
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2019
Figure 7 demonstrates CD spectroscopic measurements of soluble, PANI-CS-NC and PANI-CS-Ag-NC adsorbed βGS in the presence of investigated compounds. Among all the investigated compounds the highest changes in ellipticity were observed in the presence of galactose in all enzyme preparations with respect to control. Significant conformational changes were noticed in a soluble enzyme in the presence of galactose which led to a loss in its enzymatic activity. Table S4 summarizes α-helical and β-sheet content in all preparations in the presence of VC and sugars. α-Helical content was abruptly increased to 4 fold in a free enzyme in the presence of added galactose. On the other hand, insignificant changes were observed in the secondary structure of the immobilized βGS in presence of both sugars and VC with respect to control. These results corroborate well with those obtained through UV-visible, fluorescence-based spectroscopic experiments and FT-IR studies. Other researchers have previously employed CD technique to substantiate secondary structural changes taking place upon immobilization in proteins. He et al. [44] evaluated conformational changes in the secondary structure of trypsin and chymotrypsin in the presence of Bowman-Birk inhibitor by CD measurements.