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Lymphoma
Published in Peter Hoskin, Peter Ostler, Clinical Oncology, 2020
Microscopically, the diagnostic feature is the presence of binucleate cells called Reed–Sternberg cells. In addition, a wide variation of other cells including lymphocytes, neutrophils, plasma cells, eosinophils, histiocytes and fibroblasts is also found infiltrating the node or affected organ. There are four major histological subclassifications as shown in Table 16.1. Characteristically, the cells are of B-cell type and the cell surface markers CD15 and CD30 can be identified on immunohistochemistry.
General Radiation Cytopathology
Published in George W. Casarett, Radiation Histopathology, 2019
Cell division anomalies are numerous after irradiation. Among them are three main types: The most common is the failure of cells to complete mitosis once begun and then to disintegrate, or to complete mitosis with immediate subsequent necrosis of the daughter cells.Synthesis in preparation for division, with or without replication of chromosomes, without complete cell division, may result in enlarged or giant mononucleated cells, some of which may persist and function to varying degrees and some of which may degenerate.Completion of nuclear division, without completion of telophase division of cytoplasm, resulting in the production of binucleate cells, sometimes with nuclei of unequal size. Binucleate cells can divide to produce binucleate daughter cells.
Station 1: Abdominal
Published in Saira Ghafur, Parminder K Judge, Richard Kitchen, Samuel Blows, Fiona Moss, The MRCP PACES Handbook, 2017
Saira Ghafur, Parminder K Judge, Richard Kitchen, Samuel Blows, Fiona Moss
How are Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma differentiated pathologically? Through the presence of Reed–Sternberg cells in Hodgkin’s lymphoma. These are characteristic binucleate cells found on light microscopy of a biopsy.
Assessment of the genotoxic effects of antihypertensive drug active ingredient indapamide in human lymphocytes
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2023
Ece Avuloglu-Yilmaz, Deniz Yuzbasioglu, Fatma Unal
MN assay was based on the conceptual framework proposed by Fenech (2000) with some alterations (Palus et al. 2003). Lymphocytes were treated with the same concentrations of indapamide used in CA and SCE assays for 48 hours. Cytochalasin-B was added at the 44th hour of the culture to prevent cytokinesis. Cell culture, scoring, statistics, and other procedures were applied according to Palus et al. (2003). In the present study, a total of 3,000 binucleated cells (1000 per donor) were examined. To define the nuclear division index (NDI), a total of 1,500 cells (500 per donor) were evaluated in each treatment group. Cells were evaluated with respect to their nucleus number [one nucleus (1 N), two nuclei (2 N), three nuclei (3 N), and four nuclei (4 N)] and then NDI was calculated using the formula; [1x (1 N) + 2x (2 N) + 3x (3 N + 4 N)]/n (n is the total number of cells examined).
A follow-up study on workers involved in the graphene production process after the introduction of exposure mitigation measures: evaluation of genotoxic and oxidative effects
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2022
Delia Cavallo, Cinzia Lucia Ursini, Anna Maria Fresegna, Aureliano Ciervo, Fabio Boccuni, Riccardo Ferrante, Francesca Tombolini, Raffaele Maiello, Pieranna Chiarella, Giuliana Buresti, Valentina Del Frate, Diana Poli, Roberta Andreoli, Luisana Di Cristo, Stefania Sabella, Sergio Iavicoli
The results of BMCyt assay are reported in Table 2 and show the median values of all the analyzed anomalies grouped accordingly the kind of effect that they reflect (genotoxicity and cytotoxicity). In the follow-up study we obtained evaluable results only in five of six enrolled subjects due to the scarceness of collected cells during the second sampling of one of the workers. The comparison between the first biomonitoring and this one shows, in the five subjects resulted evaluable in both the biomonitoring campaigns, a decrease of almost all the genotoxic parameters (although not statistically significant). Particularly interesting is the reduction of the percentage of MN positive subjects that became 0% starting from 60%. We also found a statistically significant reduction of the frequency of binucleated cells.
The absence of genotoxicity of a mixture of aloin A and B and a commercial aloe gel beverage
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2022
A. Wallace Hayes, Roger A. Clemens, Peter Pressman
The undiluted/neat Aloe vera Gel beverage was tested to evaluate the potential to induce micronuclei in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBL) in both the absence and presence of an exogenous rat metabolic activation system (OECD TG 587). HPBL were treated for four hours in the absence and presence of S9, and for 24 hours in the absence of S9. Cytotoxicity [55 ± 5% cytokinesis-blocked proliferation index (CBPI) relative to the vehicle control] was not observed at any dose in any of the treatment groups. At least 2000 binucleated cells from at least three appropriate test article concentrations were evaluated. Micronuclei in a binucleated cell (MN-BN) were recorded if they met the following criteria: the micronucleus should have the same staining characteristics as the main nucleus, the micronuclei should be separate from the main nuclei or just touching (no cytoplasmic bridges), and the micronuclei should be of regular shape and approximately one-third or less than the diameter of the main nucleus. The test article was considered to have induced a positive response if at least one of the test concentrations exhibited a statistically significant increase when compared with the concurrent negative control (p ≤ 0.05), the increase was concentration-related (p ≤ 0.05), and the results were outside the 95% control limit of the historical negative control data. The test article was considered to have induced a clear negative response if none of the criteria for a positive response was met.