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Apiaceae Plants Growing in the East
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
Sherweit El-Ahmady, Nehal Ibrahim, Nermeen Farag, Sara Gabr
In the case of A. majus, the essential oil extracted from the fruits constituted dipiperitone, unsaturated cyclic terpeniole and a mixture of furocoumarins. Also, fatty acids were identified in the plant oil including methyl ester of linoleic acid, methyl ester of oleic acid, palmitic acid and linolenic acids. Other fatty acids included hexanoic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, elaidic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, tricosnoic acid and tetracosanoic acid (Hussain et al. 2012).
Innovative Delivery Systems for Andrographolide Delivery
Published in Madhu Gupta, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Vikas Sharma, Nagendra Singh Chauhan, Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Phytoconstituents, 2020
A. C. Santos, J. A. D. Sequeira, F. Veiga, A. Figueiras, A. J. Ribeiro
Very recently, the preparation of SLNs to deliver AG into the brain was reported. SLNs with a spherical shape, a small particle size, and a narrow particle size distribution were prepared. A mixture of glycerol with behenic acid esters (Compritol®) as the solid lipid and Brij® 78 as the surfactant were used for the fabrication of the AG-SLNs by the emulsion/evaporation/solidification technique, in order to reduce opsonization, phagocytosis, and clearance by the liver and reticuloendothelial system. Encapsulation efficiency of AG was very high, precisely 92%. After intravenous administration to Wistar rats, it was discovered by histochemical analysis using fluorescence microscopy that fluorescent SLNs were capable to reach the brain parenchyma.
Handbook of Phytochemical Constituents of GRAS Herbs and Other Economic Plants
Published in James A. Duke, Handbook of Phytochemical Constituents of GRAS Herbs and Other Economic Plants, 2017
“Common Privet”BEHENIC-ACID BK HHBLIGUSTRONE BK HHBMALVIDIN-3-GLUCOSIDE LF HHBMANNITOL BK HHBRESIN BK HHBSYRINGIC-ACID BK CRCSYRINGIN LF HHBSYRINGOPICRINE BK HHBTANNIN 70,0000 BK HHBTANNIN 60,000–100,000 LF HHB
Chemical composition and insecticidal activities of the essential oils and various extracts of two Thymus species: Thymus cariensis and Thymus cilicicus
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Selçuk Küçükaydın, Gülsen Tel-Çayan, Mehmet Emin Duru, Memiş Kesdek, Mehmet Öztürk
GC-FID and GC-MS systems were used to determine the chemical compositions of the hexane extracts of T. cariensis and T. cilicicus. Results were given as percentage (%) concentration in Table 1. In hexane extract of T. cariensis and T. cilicicus, a total of 33 and 25 compounds identified and represented 99.28% and 99.36% of the extracts, respectively. The main components of both hexane extracts were found mostly fatty acids such as linolenic acid, linoleic acid, behenic acid, and palmitic acid. The percentages of linolenic, linoleic, behenic, and palmitic acids were found 22.65%, 14.37%, 12.54%, 15.08% for T. cariensis, 26.37%, 7.57%, 8.08%, and 11.41% for T. cilicicus. Whereas unsaturated fatty acids represented 38.11% and 34.19% in T. cariensis and T. cilicius, saturated fatty acids represented 44.24% and 29.72%, respectively. Squalene also was found as one of the major components of hexane extracts of T. cariensis (10.35%) and T. cilicicus (9.66%). According to Table 1, considerable similarities of chemical components of EOs and hexane extracts were observed. The EO and hexane extract of T. cariensis contained 15 similar compounds, while 12 similar compounds found in EO and hexane extract of T. cilicicus. Besides, arachidic acid (2.83 to 4.80%), tetracosanoic acid (2.69 to 4.81%), and stearic acid (2.59 to 3.41%) were detected in small quantities in studied Thymus species.
Formulation of acyclovir-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: design, optimization, and in-vitro characterization
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2019
Sanaa A. El-Gizawy, Gamal M. El-Maghraby, Asmaa A. Hedaya
According to Equation (11), it appeared that all the effects of factors and the interactions among them were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The highest coefficient value was for factor A with its + sign that was available in formulae F2, F4, F6, and F8. Pluronic F68 decreased the solid/liquid interfacial tension and enhanced the wettability and solubility of ACV in the lipid. The second effective interaction was + AB that was available in formulae F4 and F8. The third effective factor was –BC indicating that the optimized formula concerning the EE% was F4, as its ingredients were Compritol (+B), Pluronic F68 (+A) and Lecithin (–C). This may be explained by the presence of Compritol which provided more core lipid for loading the molecules of the drug (Lv et al. 2009). Also, the long chain length of behenic acid in Compritol improved the intermolecular integration of the drug (Cai et al. 2011). In addition, the amphiphilic feature of Compritol and Lecithin enhanced EE % of SLNs (Rawat et al. 2010).
Nutrient and Antioxidant Properties of Oils from Bagasses, Agricultural Residues, Medicinal Plants, and Fodders
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2019
Agomuo Emmanuel Nnabugwu, Amadi Peter Uchenna
The long- and very-long-chain fatty acid contents of oils from some bagasse, agricultural residues, and forages are presented in Table 3. The arachidic and eicosanoic acid content of the oils evaluated were in a range of 0% to 12.27% and 0% to 13.11%, respectively. Only SJ and PP oils and PP and PM oils contained eicosadienoic and eicosatrienoic acids, respectively. CC oil contained the highest quantity of behenic acid followed by GH oil, while in the case of erucic and docosahexaenoic acid contents, GH oil showed higher compositions than CC oil. Further, the results in Table 3 showed that the range of lignoceric, nervonic, and cerotic acid compositions of the oils were in a range of 0% to 27.30%, 0% to 0.08%, and 0% to 10.29%, with the bagasse oils containing the highest quantities of lignoceric and cerotic acids but undetected nervonic acid contents. The reports of Ajayi (40) implied that African nutmeg contained comparable arachidic acids to those of the bagasse oils presented in this study, but the eicosanoic acid levels of most edible oils—coconut, sesame, and olive oils (39)—were lower than the oils analyzed in this study. Eicosanoic and eicosadienoic acids have reportedly been found to possess anti-inflammatory properties (41); hence, these oils could be evaluated for possible anti-inflammatory properties. Further, with high proportions of behenic acids, erucic acids, and other very-long-chain unsaturated fatty acids known for their cholesterol-elevating properties (42), CA, CC, and GH oils could only be suitable for non-food industrial uses, such as production of floor polishes and detergents.