China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Crohn’s Disease
Published in Richard K. Burt, Alberto M. Marmont, Stem Cell Therapy for Autoimmune Disease, 2019
Robert M. Craig, Richard K. Burt
Further support for intestinal flora as a cause of disease is the presence of anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody (ASCA) in patients with Crohn’s disease. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is Baker’s yeast. Yeast exert a strong adjuvant effect upon dendritic cells resulting in IL-12 production and priming of T cell responses, and are a commonly used assay for demonstrating intact Th1 delayed type hypersensitivity. ASCA may be used as a diagnostic marker to help differentiate Crohn’s disease from ulcerative colitis.28,29 Proliferation assays of peripheral blood lymphocytes incubated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and pulsed with tritiated thymidine demonstrate a three fold increase in proliferative response from Crohn’s patients compared to normal controls, including healthy normal bakers.30 Pre and post transplant peripheral blood ASCA antibody, T cell proliferative responses, and T cell lines to intact Saccharomyces cerevisiae and/or extracts from Saccharomyces cerevisiae may be generated and analyzed to determine the role of gut flora in causing Crohn’s disease.
Occupational Allergens
Published in Richard F. Lockey, Dennis K. Ledford, Allergens and Allergen Immunotherapy, 2014
Andrew M. Smith, David I. Bernstein
Bakers and pastry makers exposed to wheat flour, containing high-molecular-weight protein allergens, often develop OR and bakers’ asthma. The prevalence of bakers’ asthma is estimated to be 9% among bakery employees [21]. A case was reported of a 30-year-old baker with asthma symptoms who was found to be sensitized to wheat flour, soybean, rye grain, baker’s yeast, and oat grain [22]. Avoidance measures were difficult to implement. Following 12 months of SCIT with the wheat flour extract (Stallergènes SA), asthma symptoms in the workplace significantly decreased to the point where he only rarely required salbutamol for asthma. Follow-up spirometry showed a 30% improvement in FEV1 compared with baseline spirometry results.
Yeast-inspired drug delivery: biotechnology meets bioengineering and synthetic biology
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2019
Chinnu Sabu, Panakkal Mufeedha, Kannissery Pramod
Metal nanoparticles are used in various biomedical fields – for example, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) possess antimicrobial properties [67]. However, the toxicity of nanoparticles and the chemicals used for stabilization is a major concern. The cells of baker’s yeast are microcapsules with a double layer. The metal nanoparticle can be incorporated on the surface of yeast cells as a carrier via in situ metal ion reduction methods. The first problem encountered in the incorporation of metal nanoparticles is regarding the detention of metal nanoparticles inside the yeast cell. The metal nanoparticles are formed by intracellular reduction of a metal salt which involves three steps: the transfer of metal salt in aqueous into cells via passive diffusion, removal of extracellular salts, and at last the transport of reducing agent into cells for carrying out the reaction. Polar metal salt possesses the property of easy diffusion into the cells. The second problem is the thin envelope or the cytoplasm volume used to host the metal nanoparticles [68].
Effects of Yeast (1,3)-(1,6)-Beta-Glucan on Severity of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study in Healthy Subjects
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2019
Tanita Dharsono, Karolina Rudnicka, Manfred Wilhelm, Christiane Schoen
Nutrition and its micronutrients play an important role in the immune system and functional responses (8,9). Besides vitamins and minerals like vitamin C and zinc, the class of beta-glucans is associated with immune-modulating properties (10). Beta-glucans are a heterogeneous group of natural polysaccharides consisting of D-glucose monomers linked by a beta-glycosidic bond. They are important structural elements of the cell wall and may serve as energy storage in bacteria, fungi including yeast, algae, and plants, while they are absent in vertebrate and invertebrate tissue (11,12). Depending on their origin, their linkage of glucose monomer differs. Especially beta-glucans derived from fungi and yeast and consisting of a (1,3)-beta-linked backbone with small numbers of (1,6)-beta-linked side chains are essentially known for their immune-modulating effects (13). It was shown that orally administered beta-glucans induce a cascade of innate and adaptive immune response (11,13,14). Within two independent randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials with brewers’ yeast beta-glucan, a reduced incidence of common cold episodes during the cold season in otherwise healthy subjects was documented (15,16). Additionally, clinical studies with bakers’ yeast beta-glucan demonstrated beneficial effects with respect to upper respiratory tract infections in different collectives (17,18). The immunomodulatory effects of brewers’ yeast beta-glucans have been shown in regard to the stimulation of monocytes to release elevated levels of anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-10 (19).
Baker’s yeast induces apoptotic effects and histopathological changes on skin tumors in mice
Published in Cogent Medicine, 2018
Amany Elwakkad, Mamdooh Ghoneum, Mamdouh El-sawi, Saadia Ibrahim Mohamed, Amina A. Gamal el Din, Deyu Pan, Ghada Mahmoud Elqattan
Baker’s yeast is an essential component for the production of fermented foods like bread and beer. Our earlier studies showed that heat-killed baker’s yeast exerts anticancer activity against different types of cancer. This is based on the observation that cancer cells can engulf yeast, which ultimately shuts down and kills the cancer cell from within. This study aims to assess baker’s yeast as a novel natural product that can cause the death of skin cancer cells in animals. Several parameters were examined and show skin tumors stopped growing and regressed in mice treated with yeast compared to those untreated. Though several treatments for skin cancer exist, these are known to have severe side effects. We show the anticancer effects of yeast as a safe, non-toxic agent, which may suggest its possible use as treatment against skin cancer in humans.