China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
The HbS Containing Cell
Published in Ronald L. Nagel, Genetically Abnormal Red Cells, 2019
Ronald L. Nagel, Mary E. Fabry
Treatment of these patients involves transfusions and in some cases surgery. Epsilon aminocaproic acid in a dosage of 2 to 8 g/day is enthusiastically supported by some250 but a formal trial has not been done to asses its usefulness.
Development of palliative medicine in the United Kingdom and Ireland
Published in Eduardo Bruera, Irene Higginson, Charles F von Gunten, Tatsuya Morita, Textbook of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, 2015
55 Gøtzsche PC, Hróbjartsson A. Somatostatin analogues for acute bleeding oesophageal varices. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD000193. D01: 10.1002/14651858.CD000193.pub3. 56 Garewal HS, Durie BG. Anti-fibrinolytic therapy with aminocaproic acid for the control of bleeding in thrombocytopenic patients. Scand J Haematol 1985;35:497-500.
Secondary Open-Angle Glaucomas
Published in Neil T. Choplin, Carlo E. Traverso, Atlas of Glaucoma, 2014
Jonathan Myers, L. Jay Katz, Anand Mantravadi
Patients with hyphema are generally kept on bed rest and treated with mydriatics and topical steroids. Aminocaproic acid, an antifibrinolytic agent, is also used in some centers to reduce the incidence of re-bleeds, which may be severe. Prolonged elevation of IOP may require surgical evacuation of the blood. Timing is dependent on the ability of the nerve to withstand elevated pressures; otherwise, healthy nerves may tolerate pressures of up to 50 mmHg for several days. Evacuation may also be necessary because of the development of blood staining of the cornea, especially in those at risk for amblyopia (Figure 10.20). Surgical evacuation is ideally performed near the fourth day post-trauma. This is past the peak incidence of re-bleed and allows time for the anterior-chamber blood to clot and retract somewhat from ocular structures, facilitating removal.
Conserved anti-inflammatory effects and sensing of butyrate in zebrafish
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
Pradeep Manuneedhi Cholan, Alvin Han, Brad R Woodie, Maxinne Watchon, Angela RM Kurz, Angela S Laird, Warwick J Britton, Lihua Ye, Zachary C Holmes, Jessica R McCann, Lawrence A David, John F Rawls, Stefan H Oehlers
We used Tg(fabp10a:fgb-EGFP)mi4001, where fibrin clots are visualized by GFP deposition, and Tg(−6.0itga2b:eGFP)la2, where thrombocytes are GFP-labeled, transgenic zebrafish lines to monitor hemostasis following transection of the dorsal aorta and posterior cardinal vein.33,34 We stabilized clots with aminocaproic acid as a positive control.35 Fibrinogen accumulation in Tg(fabp10a:fgb-EGFP)mi4001 embryos was unchanged at the wound site in response to butyrate treatment; however, we noted that propionate treatment caused increased fibrinogen accumulation (Supplementary Figure 1A). No changes were observed in thrombocytes accumulation in the Tg(−6.0itga2b:eGFP)la2 line following any of the SCFA treatments (Supplementary Figure 1B).
Emerging drugs for the treatment of hereditary angioedema due to C1-inhibitor deficiency
Published in Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs, 2022
Andrea Zanichelli, Vincenzo Montinaro, Massimo Triggiani, Francesco Arcoleo, Debora Visigalli, Mauro Cancian
Antifibrinolytics, such as Ɛ-aminocaproic acid and tranexamic acid, are not recommended as LTP, due to the weak evidence about their effectiveness, but some patients find it helpful and still use them in case of unavailability of first-line products and contraindication to the use of attenuated androgens [5]. They act as C1-INH in the fibrinolytic system, by inhibiting the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin. Therefore, antifibrinolytics are supposed to reduce the contribution of plasmin to the formation of angioedema [9]. Their adverse effects are usually minor and include dyspepsia, myalgia, muscle weakness, elevated serum creatine phosphokinase, or aldolase, rhabdomyolysis, hypotension, fatigue, and retinal changes [6].
Hypoplastic thrombocytopenia and platelet transfusion: therapeutic goals
Published in Hospital Practice, 2019
Stamatis J. Karakatsanis, Stamatis S. Papadatos, Konstantinos N. Syrigos
In spite of the fact that prophylactic PLT transfusions decrease the incidence of bleeding among patients with thrombocytopenia a certain bleeding risk remains, while this approach necessitates frequent visits to the medical center, is hampered by PLT shortages, and ultimately leads often to alloimmunization and PLT refractoriness. In addition, this approach is ineffective in preventing significant bleeding episodes in 20% to 50% of patients [35]. Therefore, the American Association of Blood Banks recommends further prophylactic measures, for example, antifibrinolytic treatment [4]. It has been well-established that epsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA, a synthetic lysine analog that inhibits fibrinolysis, leads to thrombus stabilization and has antiplasmin activity [36]) may contribute to the prevention as well as the treatment of bleeding episodes in patients with thrombocytopenia [37,38]. EACA administration is well tolerated and results in fast and significant reduction in bleeding episodes as well as RBC transfusions in patients with thrombocytopenia [37,38]. Phase II PROBLEMΑ (PRevention Of BLeeding in hEmatological Malignancies With Antifibrinolytic, NCT02074436) study aims to compare the effectiveness of EACA administration to PLT transfusion in patients with thrombocytopenia and hematological malignancies, regarding the prevention of bleeding episodes [39]. The administration of tranexamic acid, another antifibrinolytic agent, is effective only in the prevention of thrombocytopenia-induced bleeding [40,41]. Nonetheless, it should be recognized that anti-fibrinolytics may increase the risk of DIC, of which patients with hematological malignancies are already at an increased risk.