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Occupational Allergy and Asthma Associated with Inhalant Food Allergens
Published in Andreas L. Lopata, Food Allergy, 2017
Mohamed F. Jeebhay, Berit Bang
Flour is the most important allergen source in the work environment of bakeries, associated with baker’s asthma. A number of different allergens belonging to several protein classes are present in flour and there is a wide heterogeneity in sensitization patterns between individual patients with baker’s asthma (Salcedo 2011). The alpha-amylase inhibitors are considered the major cereal allergens. These consist of 1 to 4 subunits (12-16 kDa) and are encoded by a multigene family expressed in wheat, barley and rye. Glycosylation seem to increase IgE-binding, at least for some subunits and species (Tatham and Shewry 2008). Other wheat proteins associated with IgE-reactivity and baker’s asthma include peroxidase, lipid transfer proteins (LTP), thioredoxin, serine protease inhibitor, thaumatin-like protein, gliadins and glutenins. Homology in alpha-amylase inhibitor subunits are suspected to account, at least partially, for the observed cross-reactivity between wheat, rye and barley with amino acid sequence identities ranging from 30 to 95%. Cross reactivity between different grain flours and between grain flours and grass pollen is demonstrated (Sander 2015). There is, however, limited knowledge of specific common epitopes responsible for the cross-sensitization observed.
Kidney-bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris) Dependent, Exercise-induced Anaphylaxis in Patients Comorbid with Mugwort (Artemisia Vulgaris) Pollinosis
Published in Immunological Investigations, 2021
Few allergens in kidney beans have been identified, despite the entire spectrum of allergens has yet to be studied. Among the few identified allergens, lectin, a protein component with a molecular weight of 31 kDa, is a potent allergen in kidney beans to induce severe anaphylaxis (Kasera et al. 2013, 2011; Rouge et al. 2011). Pha v3, which is a non-specific lipid transfer protein, was also identified as a 10-kDa allergen (Pastorello et al. 2010; Zoccatelli et al. 2010). Storage proteins like phaseolin (47.5 kDa) (Kumar et al. 2014), class I chitinase (31–32 kDa) (Blanco et al. 1999), and alpha-amylase inhibitor (32–40 kDa) (Brain-Isasi et al. 2017) can all exhibit allergenic properties. All these published allergens have low to moderate molecular weight. In this study, we could also identify potential allergens in kidney bean seed and pod with molecular weight comparable to those of the published. Of interest, the present work demonstrated scattered binding of patients’ IgE antibodies to 30–80 kDa protein of kidney bean pod extract. No study about the antigenicity assessment of high MW protein (≥60 kDa) in kidney beans has so far been published to our best knowledge.
Sageretia thea (Osbeck.) modulated biosynthesis of NiO nanoparticles and their in vitro pharmacognostic, antioxidant and cytotoxic potential
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Ali Talha Khalil, Muhammad Ovais, Ikram Ullah, Muhammad Ali, Zabta Khan Shinwari, Dilawar Hassan, Malik Maaza
Figure 13(B) indicates the alpha amylase enzyme inhibition potential of the biogenically synthesized NiO nanoparticles. This enzyme catalyzes carbohydrate breakdown to glucose and therefore has been related to the postprandial glucose excursion in a patient suffering from diabetes. Hence, alpha amylase enzyme inhibitors have been considered in diabetes research. Our results indicate that low alpha amylase enzyme inhibition (35%) at higher concentrations as high as 1000 μg/ml, whereas the bioinspired nickel oxide was found to be ineffective at lower concentrations <250 μg/ml. On the other hand, acarbose (1 μM) was used as a standard alpha amylase inhibitor and yielded a percentage inhibition of 92%.