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The cell and tissues
Published in Peate Ian, Dutton Helen, Acute Nursing Care, 2020
Alteration of this balance can lead to the malfunction of cells. If CO2 increases because of poor ventilation and gaseous exchange, then the equation will be driven to the left, increasing the amount of H+ ions and therefore causing an increase in acidity, and vice versa. If the kidneys are not able to function properly, then removal of bicarbonate ion will decrease and there will be an increase in alkalinity. The overall process is much more complex than this but these examples are given as indications of the control of the cellular environment (Marieb and Hoehn 2019).
Medical Management of Chemical Warfare Agents
Published in Brian J. Lukey, James A. Romano, Salem Harry, Chemical Warfare Agents, 2019
A single large piece of clothing material is more likely to retain liquid contamination with chemical agent than multiple smaller “shredded” pieces of clothing within the wound. “En bloc” removal of chemically contaminated clothing should be the order of the day. No attempt should be made to remove clothing in multiple small pieces, as this would spread contamination. Since the vapor hazard is very low, a respirator (gas mask) is not needed, with the possible exception of “thickened” mustard. However, liquid splash from chemical agent contaminated in the irrigation fluid is possible. As such, goggles or glasses should be worn (Cooper et al., 1994). The contaminated clothing material, the forceps, and all suctioned irrigation solution should immediately be immersed in a pail of 10% hypochlorite solution (Cooper et al., 1994). The ensuing detoxification (chemical neutralization) of CWAs by chlorine denaturing the CWA usually takes a few minutes, depending on the strength and pH of the hypochlorite solution. Freshly prepared hypochlorite solutions tend to be more alkaline. This higher alkalinity increases their effectiveness. The degree of vapor “off-gassing” from a small piece of wound-embedded clothing material contaminated with liquid CWA will be extremely slight. Vapor hazard should not present a significant contamination hazard to personnel in the ER or OR who are not wearing chemical PPE.
Neurological disorders
Published in Michael Horvat, Ronald V. Croce, Caterina Pesce, Ashley Fallaize, Developmental and Adapted Physical Education, 2019
Michael Horvat, Ronald V. Croce, Caterina Pesce, Ashley Fallaize
A diet with high alkalinity or acidity may help to inhibit susceptibility to seizures. Acid-producing diets (ketogenic diets) with a high fat content, such as cream, butter, eggs, and meats, usually produce a quieting effect on electrical discharges and may be helpful in preventing seizures (Villeneuve et al., 2009).
Assessment of trace element toxicity in surface water of a fish breeding river in Bangladesh: a novel approach for ecological and health risk evaluation
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Md. Refat Jahan Rakib, Yeasmin Nahar Jolly, Bilkis Ara Begum, Tasrina Rabia Choudhury, Konika Jannat Fatema, Md. Saiful Islam, Mir Mohammad Ali, Abubakr M. Idris
Mean values of physical–chemical parameters of surface water samples from Halda River, Bangladesh are shown in Table 1. The pH of the aquatic systems is an important indicator of the water quality and the extent pollution in the watershed areas. It is the indicator of acidic or alkaline condition of water status. The standard for any purpose in-terms of pH is 6.5–8.5, in that respect; the mean value of pH in this study is 6.02 which indicates slightly acidic water. The pH value represents the acidity or alkalinity of the water (Ravikumar et al. 2013). A pH value ranged between 6 and 8.5 indicates a productive water body (Garg et al.2010), whereas the water with a low pH value is considered to be corrosive and can adversely affect the skin and eyes (Li et al.2017). APHA (2012) stated that industrial or municipal waste materials played a significant role in increasing or decreasing pH of the adjacent water body. Moreover, activities like bathing, washing, and latrines along water bodies related to fluctuations of water pH (Islam et al.2018a). Biochemical and chemical reactions are influenced by the pH (Manjare et al. 2010). Ali et al. (2016) studied the water quality of Karnaphuli River, one of the major coastal rivers in Bangladesh, and also found similar result of this study.
Short-Term Mediterranean Diet Improves Endurance Exercise Performance: A Randomized-Sequence Crossover Trial
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2019
Michelle E. Baker, Kristen N. DeCesare, Abby Johnson, Kathleen S. Kress, Cynthia L. Inman, Edward P. Weiss
The Mediterranean diet protects against major chronic diseases (15) and is characterized by whole fruits and vegetables, nuts, olive oil, and whole grains. It is largely devoid of red and processed meats, dairy, trans and saturated fats, and refined sugars. By virtue of being largely plant-based, the Mediterranean diet is rich in phytochemicals, many of which have been shown to improve exercise performance. For example, betalain pigments (6,16,17) and nitrates (9,18–20) from vegetables, polyphenols from fruits (21), and phytochemicals in nuts (22,23) improve exercise performance and facilitate recovery after exercise. In addition, the anion and cation constituents of vegetables and fruits (24) may enhance exercise performance by promoting systemic alkalinity (25,26). Because the Mediterranean diet contains these and other compounds, some of which might also have synergies, it is plausible that this diet could have exercise performance–enhancing effects. Yet, to our knowledge no studies have compared whole diets for effects on exercise performance.
Environmental post-processing increases the adhesion strength of mussel byssus adhesive
Published in Biofouling, 2018
Matthew N. George, Emily Carrington
pH electrodes were calibrated using NBS standards before use in each treatment. Bottle samples were collected at three time points throughout each 20-day treatment (1, 12, and 20 days) and poisoned with 0.02% saturated mercuric chloride (HgCl2) to halt all biological activity. All samples that contained mercuric chloride were handled and disposed of in accordance with NIOSH guidelines. For each bottle, total alkalinity (TA) was measured in μmol kg−1 using end-point titration (DL15 titrator, Mettler Toledo, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland; accuracy ± 50 μmol kg−1) following SOP 3b from Dickson et al. (2007). Treatment averages for pCO2 (μatm) and total dissolved inorganic carbon (TC) were calculated using CO2Calc (Van Heuven et al. 2011) with the following constants: CO2: Mehrbach et al. (1973); KHSO4: Dickson (1990); and Boron: Uppström (1974). Means (± SD) for each treatment are listed in Table 1.