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Linezolid
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Linezolid retains good in vitro activity against less commonly encountered Gram-positive organisms, including non-group A or B beta-hemolytic streptococci, viridans group streptococci, corynebacteria, Bacillus spp., and L. monocytogenes (Jones et al., 2007c). In the study by Jones et al. (2007c), only one isolate of the 3251 isolates tested was found to be linezolid-resistant. This was a linezolid-resistant Streptococcus oralis isolate containing the G2576T mutation (see later under 2b. Emerging resistance and cross-resistance). For enterococci other than E. faecalis and E. faecium, the MIC90 is higher (at 2 mg/l); however, it is still susceptible (Jones et al., 2007c; Lu et al., 2012). For most viridans group streptococci the MIC90 is 1–2 mg/l (see Table 73.1); however, higher MIC90 results were found for some viridans group streptococci (S. bovis and S. anginosus; MIC90 4 mg/l, MIC range 1–4 mg/l) in a study of a smaller number of isolates (Kosowska-Shick et al., 2006). A study of group B streptococci (S. agalactiae) using Etest susceptibility found an MIC90 of 1.5 mg/l and an MIC range of 0.25–1.5 mg/l (Fluegge et al., 2004). Against a large number of neonatal invasive isolates of S. agalactiae, linezolid demonstrated good activity when tested by Etest (MIC90 1.5 mg/l, range 0.25–1.5 mg/l) (Fluegge et al., 2004), whereas 106 maternal anovaginal screening isolates were all susceptible, including macrolide- and clindamycin-resistant isolates (Panda et al., 2009). Erythromycin-resistant strains of Streptococcus pyogenes and S. agalactiae had identical MIC patterns to erythromycin-susceptible strains (MIC90 2 mg/l) (Betriu et al., 2000). Helcococcus kunzii has been reported to be linezolid-susceptible (MIC90 2 mg/l, range 1–2 mg/l) (Vergne et al., 2015). Aerococcus urinae also appears generally susceptible, with only 2 of 95 tested isolates proving resistant in a recent study (modal MIC 1 mg/l, range ≤ 0.5–8 mg/l) (Humphries and Hindler, 2014). Linezolid is also active against the oral commensal Stomatococcus mucilaginosus (MIC range 1–2 mg/l) (Rolston et al., 2013) and the skin commensal Kytococcus schroeteri (MIC 0.19–1 mg/l) (Blennow et al., 2012).
Aerococcus urinae tricuspid valve infective endocarditis
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2022
Sanchari Banerjee, Sindhubarathi Murali, Atika Azhar, Anojan Pathmanathan, Debanik Chaudhuri
Infective endocarditis (IE) occurs in around 11 patients per 100,000 population, and the most common etiologies include Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus.1–3 Risk factors include male sex, advanced age, structural heart disease, previous IE, dental infection, intravenous drug use, and immunocompromise.4Aerococcus urinae causes <0.8% of all urinary tract infections, and invasive bacteremia and systemic infection are even rarer (3 per 1,000,000).5,6 Most reported cases are in men with urological abnormalities and involve the mitral or aortic valve.7,8 Here we present a case of A. urinae tricuspid valve IE in an immunocompromised woman.
Evaluation of the Atellica® UAS 800: a new member of the automated urine sediment analyzer family
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 2021
Stijn J. A. Aper, Karlijn Gijzen, Jolien J. Luimstra, Johanna T. M. H. van der Valk, Anne Russcher, Rüya G. Koçer, Eline C. Liesting, Leo H. J. Jacobs, Eef G. W. M. Lentjes, Ayşe Y. Demir
Urine cultures were considered negative in case of growth of irrelevant pathogens (mixed flora consisting of at least three species or non-uropathogenic bacteria; probably contaminated ex vivo and hence considered negative in clinical practice) and positive in case of growth of a single uropathogen with a minimum count of 103 CFU (colony-forming units) per mL. When two uropathogens were present, urine cultures were considered positive, when at least one uropathogen exceeded 105 CFU/mL. Uropathogens included Enterobacterales, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterococci, Aerococcus urinae, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, and yeasts.
Aerococcus urinae: an underestimated cause of spine infection? Case report and review of the literature
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2018
Elodie Degroote, Halil Yildiz, Frederic Lecouvet, Alexia Verroken, Leila Belkhir
Aerococcus urinae is a Gram-positive bacteria mainly responsible for urinary tract infections (UTI) but it is also involved in invasive infections (e.g. infective endocarditis, bacteremia) frequently originating from a simple UTI [1,2]. The three Aerococcus species mostly responsible for human infections are A. viridans, A. urinae , and A. sanguinocola. Other Aerococcus species as A. christensenii, A. vaginalis (isolated from beef cow), A. urinae hominis, A. urinae equi (isolated from horses) , and A. suis (isolated from pigs) have also been described but their pathogenic role in humans still remains uncertain.