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Case 1.2
Published in Monica Fawzy, Plastic Surgery Vivas for the FRCS(Plast), 2023
Human saliva contains a mixture of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Aerobic bacteria include Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Streptococcus viridans.Anaerobic pathogens include Eikenella corrodens, Peptostreptococcus, as well as Corynebacterium and Bacteroides.
The Follow-Up Metabolic Medicine Hospital Consultation
Published in Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson, Optimizing Metabolic Status for the Hospitalized Patient, 2023
Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson
Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CR-BSIs) occur in ~80,000 US patients/year (Mermel et al. 2009). The most common organisms are Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococci. Less frequent, but significant bacterial etiologies include Enterobacter species, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and candida species. Many other aerobic bacteria and even anaerobes have been reported (Lata et al. 2016).
3.0: The development of gastric systems in children
Published in Clarissa Martin, Terence Dovey, Angela Southall, Clarissa Martin, Paediatric Gastrointestinal Disorders, 2019
Shomik Ghosal, Adrian G Martin
The infant’s stomach is a well-oxygenated area, as air is swallowed along with the food. This results in aerobic bacteria using up the available oxygen. The large intestines become colonised with anaerobic bacteria (Parracho et al., 2007; Pender et al., 2006). The intestines contain a protective mucus layer that is made up of glycoproteins; these glycoproteins can serve as attachments for colonies of microbes. These microbes are normally found at the surface of the mucus entrance (Neu et al., 2007). It is in the intestine where most of the microflora of the GI tract resides. Microbes exit this tract through the anus on the faeces.
Dental aerosols: microbial composition and spatial distribution
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2020
C. Zemouri, C.M.C. Volgenant, M.J. Buijs, W. Crielaard, N.A.M. Rosema, B.W. Brandt, A.M.G.A. Laheij, J.J. De Soet
A large proportion of the air samples, from our study, that were taken before treatment, after treatment and during treatment at the control location did not meet the criteria for clean air (guidelines for clean air: SS EN ISO 14,698–1:2003). Only the university clinic met these criteria (<2 CFU/plate in 30 minute exposure time). Increased microbial air contamination was particularly found during treatment at the patient’s chest. This zone also contained the highest number of taxa, mainly from human origin. Close to the treatment site, aerobic bacteria were present in equal amounts to anaerobic bacteria. Locations further away from the patient contained significantly more aerobic bacteria than anaerobic bacteria, suggesting their origin is less likely to come from the dental treatment. The results of our study indicate that contamination of the aerosols from both human and water origin during treatment mostly settle in the close proximity of the head of the patient. This is in line with a previous study [25], although other studies reported no difference in microbial counts near the patient’s head and at further distance from the treatment zone [11,26].
Relationship between nasopharyngeal microbiota and patient’s susceptibility to viral infection
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2019
Grégory Dubourg, Sophie Edouard, Didier Raoult
Overall, the presence of the genus Haemophilus,in particular regarding the species H. influenzae-, appears to be deleterious in children as it is frequently found increased among those suffering of viral infections [55], regardless of the type of virus identified. In addition, it is often associated with disease severity [16] including hospitalization among RSV-positive children [56]. Among these, it has been shown that clearance of RSV during bronchiolitis is more likely to be reduced in subjects with a Haemophilus-dominant profile [57]. Another study found an elevation of some Gram-negative aerobic bacteria (i.e. Yersinia spp. and Moraxella spp.) in patients experiencing viral upper respiratory tract infection, while the initial increase in Haemophilus was not confirmed after adjustment for several tests. When a virus was detected, concentrations of Moraxella, Myroides, and Pseudomonas, and all aerobic Gram-negative bacteria increased regardless of symptoms.
PVA-PEG physically cross-linked hydrogel film as a wound dressing: experimental design and optimization
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2018
Afnan Sh. Ahmed, Uttam Kumar Mandal, Muhammad Taher, Deny Susanti, Juliana Md. Jaffri
The microbial limit test was conducted to detect the possibility of the presence of the microorganisms such as the viable aerobic bacteria. For this, general medium like casein soya bean digest broth cetrimide agar for P. aeruginosa and mannitol salt agar for S. aureus were used. To prevent any contamination throughout the testing process, a biological safety cabinet (Airstream class II Biological Safety Cabinet, Singapore) was used. To prepare the samples, 1 g of the hydrogel was suspended in 9 ml of PBS at pH 7.2. Then 1 ml of the suspension was poured into 9 ml of casein soya bean digest broth. The control samples were prepared by adding 1 ml of PBS only (without any hydrogel samples into the broth) and were incubated (MEMMERT, Schwabach, Germany) for one day at 30 °C ± 0.5. After incubation, the samples were subcultured for specified microorganisms. For P. aeruginosa, the samples were subcultured on plates of centrimide agar and incubated at 30 °C ± 0.5 for three days. While for S. aureus, the samples were subcultured on the plates of mannitol salt agar and incubated at 30 °C ± 0.5 for three days. For each medium and test, a duplicate was prepared. By the end of the specified incubation periods, the subcultured samples with centrimide and mannitol salt agar plates were removed from the incubator for result interpretation (British Pharmacopoeia Commission 2014).